9.2.3　Botulinum toxin

Botulinum toxin consists of the Gram-positive-spore-forming anaerobic Clostridium botulinum and causes a chemical reaction to innervate the nerve by inhibiting the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from the end of the peripheral axon.There are currently a botulinum neurotoxin A（BoNTA）and a botulinum neurotoxin B（BoNTB）toxin available in clinical practice.Botox®（Allergan Corporation，Irvine，California，USA）is a type A toxin and is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration（FDA）for a variety of indications（including blepharospasm and strabismus）.Botulinum toxin has been approved for the use in cosmetics and for hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet.Botulinum toxin injection treatment can be used to improve resistant facial flush，and the wrinkles of the frontal face caused by skin barrier destruction and chronic light damage in patients with rosacea.(https://www.daowen.com)