日语无标可能表达形成条件再探

A Further Research on the Forming Conditions of Japanese Unmarked Potential Sentences

张佩霞　张语柯

[摘　要]本文通过对具体语料的整理和分析，为日语无标可能表达的形成条件做了补充说明：①无标可能表达中，非作格自动词作谓语的属性叙述句主要表达物体的属性等恒常性特点，施事不凸显；②无标可能表达中，部分非作格自动词作谓语，工具名词作主语的“工具名词句”施事不凸显；③非作格自动词作谓语的无标可能表达弱化施事意志的程度为：属性叙述句＞“工具名词句”；④无标可能表达中，非宾格自动词作谓语，工具名词作主语的“工具名词句”施事也可以不凸显；⑤表述自然现象的日语表达中，也存在无标可能表达句，且这类句子的句义与人为动作、人为意志无关。

[关键词]无标可能表达　形成条件　施事意志　属性叙述句　工具名词句　自然现象句

Abstract：This paper made a supplementary explanation on the forming conditions of Japanese unmarked potential sentences by analyzing and summarizing the specific corpus data.In Japanese unmarked potential sentences，①Property prediction sentences which take unergative intransitive verbs as predicates mainly express characteristics of objects，and do not highlight agents.②Part of the instrument sentences which take unergative intransitive verbs as predicates and instrument nouns as subjects do not highlight agents.③Unergative intransitive verbs as predicates，degree of weakening agents is：property prediction sentences＞“instrument sentences”.④Instrument sentences which take unaccusative intransitive verbs as predicates and instrument nouns as subjects can also not highlight agents.⑤Natural phenomenon sentences also have unmarked potential sentences，and meanings of these kind of sentences are irrelevant to human agents motivations.

Key words：unmarked potential sentences；forming conditions；agent motivation；property predication sentences；instrument noun sentences；natural phenomenon sentences