常用培养基成分介绍
根据是否添加抗生素可以将培养基分为选择性和非选择性两种，前者适用于非无菌部位的标本，添加的抗生素可以降低污染情况的发生；后者适用于无菌部位来源的标本。详见表6—3—6—1。
表6—3—6—1 分枝杆菌常用培养基成分介绍
（续表）
理想的分枝杆菌培养基应符合下列需求：① 能使较少量的分枝杆菌迅速长出茂盛的菌落；② 能初步区分菌落的颜色及形态；③ 能抑制污染菌的生长；④ 便宜、易于制备；⑤ 可用于药敏试验。由于目前使用单一的培养基无法完全符合上列需求，同时有些分枝杆菌只能生长于特定培养基，所以一般建议最好是选择液体培养基再加上罗氏培养基，也可以用罗氏培养基加Middlebrook琼脂平板培养基。若怀疑嗜血分枝杆菌感染时，应增加一个巧克力培养基或添加血红素的琼脂培养基。
（范齐文 卢洪洲）
参考文献
1.Leber AL.Clinical microbiology procedures handbook［M］, 4th edition.Washington DC:ASM Press.2016.
2.Atlas RM.Handbook of Microbiological Media［M］.3rd Edition.London: CRC press,2004.
3.刘忠泉，张宗德.结核分枝杆菌的复苏因子［J］.中华流行病学杂志，2007；28（6）：616—617.
4.Cruciani M, Scarparo C, Malena M, et al.Meta-analysis of BACTEC MGIT 960 and BACTEC460 TB, with or without solid media, or detection of mycobacteria［J］.J Clin Microbiol.2004; 42(5): 2321—2325.(https://www.daowen.com)
5.Simner PJ, Doerr KA, Steinmetz LK, et al.Mycobacterium and Aerobic Actinomycete Culture: Are Two Medium Types and Extended Incubation Times Necessary［J］.J Clin Microbiol.2016; 54(4): 1089—1093.
6.Peyffer GE.Mycobacterium: General Characteristics, Laboratory Detection, and Staining Procedures［M］//Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Carroll KC, et al.Manual of clinical microbiology.11th ed.Washington DC: ASM press, 2015: 552—553.
7.Caulfield AJ, Wengenack NL.Diagnosis of active tuberculosis disease: From microscopy to molecular techniques［J］.Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases.2016 (4): 33—43.
8.Battaglioli T, Rintiswati N, Martin A.Comparative performance of Thin Layer Agar and Löwenstein-Jensen culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis［J］.Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2013; 19 (11): 502—508.
9.Idigoras P, Pérez-Trallero E, Alcorta M, et al.Rapid detection of tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacteria by microscopic observation of growth on Middlebrook Middlebrook 7H11 agar［J］.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.1995; 14(1): 6—10.
10.Tharmalingam D, Kopula SS, Palraj KK.Evaluation of thin-layered agar for Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation and drug susceptibility testing［J］.Int J Mycobacteriol.2019; 8(2):153—156.
11.Ghatole M, Sable C, Kamale P, et al.Evaluation of biphasic culture system for mycobacterial isolation from the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis［J］.Indian J Med Microbiol.2005; 23(2): 111—113.
12.Mukamolova GV, Tumpov OA, Young DI, et al.A family of autocrine growth factors in Mycobaterium tuberculosis［J］.Molecular Microbiology.2002; 46(3): 623—635.
13.Zhang Y, Yang Y, Woods A, et al.Resuscitation of dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by phospholipids or specific peptides［J］.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2001; 284(2): 542—547.
14.Biketov S, Mukamolova GV, Potapov V, et a1.Culturability of Mycobaeterium tuberculosis cells isolated from murine macrophages: a bacteria growth factor promotes recovery［J］.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol.2000; 29(4): 233—240.
15.郭钧.结核病细菌学［M］.沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1983.
16.彭卫生，王英年，肖成志.新编结核病学［M］.北京：中国医药科技出版社，2003.