政策创新扩散理论视角下的高校创新创业教育研究——以42所“双一流”建设高校为例
邢 睿 张端鸿[1]
摘要 自党的“十八大”以来，创新创业教育已上升为国家发展的核心战略，虽然“由点到面”可以比较形象地概括政策的扩散过程，但它不足以揭示创新创业政策扩散的本质。本文以创新创业政策在我国42所“双一流”建设高校的扩散过程为例，运用内容分析法对这42所高校的创新创业教育实践的文本资料进行数据编码，尝试分析我国高校创新创业政策创新的扩散机制。研究发现：①在我国单一制国家的背景下，省级政府和高校对中央政策创新的采纳程度非常高。②在我国政策扩散的机制中，强制机制跟学习机制、模仿机制发挥较大的作用。③在双创政策的扩散过程中，高校进行政策再创新的比例比较高，但就高校创新创业教育改革实施结果来看，出现政策趋同的可能性比较大。④从整体上可以看出创新创业政策扩散的模式并不完全遵从正态分布，曲线趋于S形。
Abstract Since the 18th CPC National Congress， the innovation and entrepreneurship education has become the core strategy for national development.Although the diffusion process can be vividly described as“expand from one point to the whole surface”，it can not expose the essence of transmission of the policy.This paper will take the spreading progress of innovation policy in the 42“Double First-Class”universities and colleges as example，use content analysis to code the text of innovation education practice in the 42 universities，and analyze the diffusion mechanism of the innovation policy.The study has 4 findings.Firstly，under the condition of unitary state，provincial government and universities take central policy innovation seriously.Secondly，the compelling mechanism，study mechanism and imitation mechanism play significant roles in the policy spreading progress.Thirdly，it is highly possible for universities to re-innovate during the spreading process，though the real situation indicates the convergence effect of practice.Finally，comprehensively speaking，the policy spreading mode does not follow normal distribution，and follow student's distribution instead.
关键字 创新创业教育；政策创新扩散；“双一流”高校
Key Words Innovation and entrepreneurship education，Diffusion mechanism of the innovation policy，“Double first-class”university