基于专利和TRIZ的大学技术创新通识教学研究

基于专利和TRIZ的大学技术创新通识教学研究

杨 锋[1]

摘要 [目的/意义]科技发展需要一大批兼具技术创新能力和专利知识的复合型人才。大学担负着人才培养的重要使命,如何通过新颖的教学设计对大学生进行技术创新的通识教育,在“创新创业”教育的大背景下显得愈发重要。[方法/过程]专利和TRIZ二者之间存在着非常紧密的逻辑关系,整合专利法知识、专利信息、TRIZ方法几个知识模块,构建一套合乎逻辑、切实可行的技术创新教学模式,面向不同专业背景的大学生进行通识教育。[结果/结论]构建了一套技术创新教学的模式,从创新起点出发,通过创新路径到达创新终点。与教学模式相匹配,将教学内容分为四大知识模块,分别是:专利基础知识模块、专利信息检索和专利情报分析模块、TRIZ创新方法模块、专利规避模块。知识内容较多,需要多样化的授课方式进行组织,因此倡导将课堂教学与翻转课堂结合起来。

Abstract [Purpose/Significance]The development of science and technology requires a large number of interdisciplinary talents with both innovation ability and patent knowledge.The university is responsible for the important mission of talents cultivation,and in the background of “innovation and entrepreneurship,”new teaching design is becoming increasingly important and necessary in general innovation education for university students.[Method/Process]There is a very close logical relationship between patent and TRIZ.To suit general education to university students in different professional basis,integrating several knowledge modules of patent law,patent information,and TRIZ methods can be used to construct a logical and practicable teaching model of technological innovation.[Result/Conclusion]This teaching model of technological innovation is constructed,which leads students to start from the innovation beginning point,passes through the innovation paths,and arrive at the innovation destination.The teaching content can be divided into four parts:basic knowledge of patent,patent information search and analysis module,TRIZ innovation methods module,and patent circumvention module.Because of the amount of teaching content,various teaching methods are advocated and needed,such as a combination of classroom teaching and flipped classroom.

关键词 专利,TRIZ,技术创新,通识教学,专利规避

Key Words Patent,TRIZ,Technological innovation,General education,Patent circumvention

TRIZ是原俄文首字母对应的拉丁字母缩写,含义是“发明问题解决理论”。TRIZ与专利密切相关,TRIZ的渊源即是专利,其创始人根里奇·阿奇舒勒在做专利审查员期间研究了大量的发明专利之后,发现:不同领域中,解决不同问题的专利有着极其相似的创新理念和类似的解决方法,掌握和利用这些普遍规律,就无需过多的依赖于反复试验和偶然启发了。于是,阿奇舒勒从约20万件发明专利中挑选出4万件,进行了详尽研究,提取出了39个通用参数、40条发明原理、76个标准解,成为经典TRIZ中最主要的工具。后来的TRIZ 专家不断丰富和发展新方法,逐渐形成了现代TRIZ方法体系。可以说,专利和TRIZ是技术创新的两大“法宝”,专利为技术创新保驾护航,TRIZ源自专利分析,反过来又能够助力技术创新。

随着我国创新驱动发展战略和知识产权强国战略的不断深入推进,科技发展需要一大批兼具技术创新能力和专利知识的复合型人才。大学担负着人才培养的重要使命,如何通过新颖的课程设计对大学生进行技术创新的通识教育,在“双创”教育的大背景下显得愈发重要。