Conclusion

In England,the end of the Cold War coincided with the fiftieth anniversaries of many events associated with Second World War and growing interest in the physical remains of that period.Programmes were put in place to identify the most significant places and sites from the two world wars,and for some classes of sites,such as air defence,it was logical to extend their stories into the Cold War.In the early 1990s,the historical assessment of former defence sites was made more urgent by the largest disposal of military land since the late 1940s.This,in turn,revealed many types of Cold War era sites which lacked basic historical records or an understanding of their context and significance.

The selection criteria and methods used for choosing Cold War sites for possible protection were similar to those used for other historical periods.These were thematic and typological,and research was undertaken to define the distribution,numbers,survival and historical context.This contrasts with the approach in Denmark(Stenak et al.,2013)where a consensus was achieved about the history of the Cold War in the country and sites were selected for protection that reflected this story.In other countries there is still a reluctance to accept the recent past as heritage and as a consequence,few if any Cold War sites are protected.Elsewhere,national legislation,politics and chance all determine which structures will survive to represent the global stories of the Cold War.

In England,the most comprehensive presentation of the Cold War through its material culture is found at the National Cold War Collection,Cosford,although with an emphasis on the history of the Cold War through air power.Many objects and artefacts from this period are also exhibited in more general military and aviation museums.Eleven former Cold War sites are open to the public as historical sites and have been accessible since the late 1990s,with different funding models and motivations for their presentation.Four sites are managed by national heritage charities,English Heritage and The National Trust,both of which have large portfolios of sites and professional interpretation staff to produce display material.Other sites were acquired by enterprising individuals who amassed large collections of Cold War artefacts,which they have displayed in former radar bunkers.Two airfields which have been acquired for commercial use and now permit limited escorted access,while local amateur Cold War interest groups have taken responsibility for developing displays.Since the late 1990s,only one Cold War museum at Mistley,Essex has closed;the bunker that housed the museum is to be converted into three luxury apartments.Elsewhere,Cold War sites and buildings have been adapted for new uses,while others remain as abandoned ruins to be chanced upon as the traces of earlier periods of human history are encountered.(https://www.daowen.com)

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[1]Wayne Cocroft is an archaeologist and manager of Historic England's Historic Places Investigation Team East based in Cambridge.For over 25 years he has specialised in the investigation and assessment of former military sites,including explosives factories and Cold War research and development establishments.In 2008,he delivered the annual Rolt Memorial Lecture to the Association for Industrial Archaeology on“Dan Dare's Lair—The Industrial Archaeology of Britain's Pos-twar Technological Renaissance”.His published works include Dangerous Energy:The Archaeology of Gunpowder and Military Explosives Manufacture and he has also co-authored Cold War:Building for Nuclear Confrontation 1946-1989,War Art:Murals and Graffiti—Military Life,Power and Subversion,and Der Teufelsberg in Berlin Eine archäologische Bestandsaufnahme des westlichen Horchpostens im Kalten Krieg.He is also co-editor of A Fearsome Heritage Diverse Legacies of the Cold War,The Home Front in Britain 1914-1918 and the recently published Legacies of the First World War.He has written a number of articles on these topics and contributed entries to the online Springer Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology and the Oxford University Press Industrial Archaeology Handbook(forthcoming).He is a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London and a member of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.