Conclusions

The paper discussed the significance of community engagement in heritage development and management,arguing that it should be intertwined with heritage production and conservation processes.Drawing on the idea of heritage as a social construct which is based on the selection of the paper which questions who makes this selection,highlighting that the general public and local communities have been for a long time excluded from this process.The paper mapped out how the approach to heritage conservation and management gradually changed to a more socially sensitive one,recognizing the importance of community in heritage co-production and management as reflected in key international documents.Unpacking the concept of community and community participation in the context of heritage,it argues that the identification of all the relevant stakeholders and the factors that may encourage their involvement are crucial steps in building an inclusive participatory approach.Community engagement was also discussed in the context of industrial heritage illustrating that an effective and sustainable regeneration and reuse of this type of heritage may rely heavily on the support and active involvement of local communities and relevant associated actors.Touching upon general trends of reuse in China and the UK the paper indicated that despite the contextual difference between the two countries,general lessons can be drawn and learnt from successful heritage management and regeneration schemes.Drawing on the example of Ironbridge Gorge,it became clear that community engagement has been one of the most important ingredients of effective heritage management.However,effective engagement does not simply lie on a legal regulatory framework but it requires a number of actions and measures capable of encouraging and stimulating people's interest and willingness to get involved.In the exploration of effective approaches to community engagement in heritage development and management the questions that must be answered are who is responsible for listing,evaluation and management,what is the interaction between authorities and local communities and how this can be enhanced,who is the local community and what are the different groups within this community and what are the means and the right ways of engaging with all the relevant stakeholders.The answers depend very much on the context and therefore adequate time should be spend in understanding the specificities of each site in developing appropriate and well fitted processes.

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【注释】

[1]Ioanna Katapidi is a research fellow at the Ironbridge International Institute of Cultural Heritage,University of Birmingham,under the Bridge Fellowship programme,which is a Birmingham-Illinois Partnership for Discovery,Engagement and Education.Ioanna holds a PhD in City and Regional Planning with focus on heritage from Cardiff University,UK and an MSc in Urban Regeneration from University of London(UCL),UK.For almost 10 years Ioanna's work has focused upon the relations between heritage,conservation policies,local communities and sustainable development.Ioanna has undertaken empirical research on various heritage related topics within the planning discipline,involving a number of relevant stakeholders at national and international level.Ioanna is currently working on the AHRC funded project“World Heritage for Sustainable Development”,exploring the role of World Heritage in achieving sustainable development goals.