1.1　The Third-front Construction Overview

China's economy was extremely difficult and the diplomatic situation became more severe in 1962.In the Indo-China region,military provision and foreign aid projects were strongly strengthened.The U.S.Army landed in the Beibu Gulf and then launched a sea attack on the north of Vietnam on August 2,1964.The Indo-China policy of the United States has become more and more of gunpowder,meanwhile the confrontational policy pursued by China and Vietnam finally collided head-on.The war burned into the border of Guangxi Province,China.It was a significant event during the Cold War and a turning point in determining the third-front construction.(https://www.daowen.com)

The strategy is to carry out manpower and material transfers for the purpose of preparations for war in the thirteen provinces of the central and western regions centered on China's Sichuan Province.Highly concentrated industry and infrastructure have been carried out in 3.18 million km2,about 1/3 of the total area of the country in order to form a deep disposition of national economy,and to form a rear base during the war.Over 50% of China's output was used for the large-scale backbone enterprises in the remote areas from 1964 to 1972.While investment in culture,commerce along with residence was at a low level.The infrastructure of metropolis was seriously inadequate.The door to the country has been closed for nearly fifteen years,this is an especially historical period that is yet to be revisited by the world except for China itself.Two peaks exist during the third-front construction.A huge number of projects were relocated from 1964 to 1965.The Sino-Soviet Treasure Island armed conflict has caused great strategic pressure in 1969.One of the tasks of the National Basic Construction Committee was to speed up the third-front construction.Site selection was in accordance with the requirements of mountains,dispersion,concealment and economic rationality.Unexpectedly,international situation eased in the early 1970s,readiness for war was adjusted in 1973.Thus the government's strategy was revised and large-scale construction entered the final stage.Briefly,the period from the 1960s to the 1970s was a critical time for the third-front construction,which was an exact peak of the Cold War.The State Council proposed formally the guiding ideology of the third-front adjustment in 1984.Since then,quantities of third-front factories have collapsed,productions have shifted,factories have moved to developed regions.They have all experienced long-term pains.The third-front adjustment and relocation work were completed in January 2006 officially.