Conclusion
This project researched and investigated Chinese industrial heritage from an international perspective with the following characteristics:
（1）Wide-range research on spatial and temporal factors.There has been no national industrial heritage census in China until now,which admittedly made the project's realization more difficult.Our research team investigated approximately 1 500 industrial heritage sites in 33 provinces,cities,and municipalities,and visualized this complex information through a GIS database.
（2）Systematic research.The integrated project was divided into five continuous and interrelated subtopics.It focused on the comprehensive and interdisciplinary study of industrial heritage with due consideration for technology history,information collection,value assessment,adaptive reuse,and cultural industry.
（3）Site surveys.This project sought to provide a detailed field investigation report,and compiled site surveys,interviews,questionnaires,mapping data,and more to establish a solid foundation of comprehensive information on Chinese industrial heritage.The problems and issues discovered during the process of directly dealing with these industrial sites helped with the analysis,which further led to the proposal of the dual principles of authenticity and creativity.
（4）Theoretical research.It proposes a comprehensive value assessment framework for Chinese industrial heritage featuring the involvement of physical,human and natural capital.In addition,the differences between intrinsic value and creative value were also discussed.The evaluation system not only includes the typical assessment of cultural impact,but also an assessment of the site's economic impact,for which the 798 Art Zone is a representative case study.
Finally,concerning the future prospects of this research project at the national level,it would be worthwhile to involve the input of research studies on brownfield lands containing industrial heritage.While this is a social science project with limitations in terms of research budget and the number of researchers,the careful integration of an environmental perspective could prove to be crucial for the comprehensive well-being of the future inhabitants of these sites.
【注释】
[1]This article is originally written in English.The Chinese version is reorganized based on the English text.(https://www.daowen.com)
[2]Xu Subin received PhD degrees from both Tianjin University in 1992 and the University of Tokyo in 2005,specializing in the field of Architectural History and Preservation.She is currently professor at the School of Architecture of Tianjin University,and is the founder of the International Research Center of Chinese Cultural Heritage Preservation,Tianjin University.Professor Xu's areas of research and interest mainly include the followings:The history of exchanges of knowledge between China and Japan in the fields of modern industry,urban,technics and architecture,Chinese modern architectural history,sustainable development of historical cultural heritage.Aoki Nobuo is a professor and director of the same research center.
[3]This project is supported by National Social Science Foundation(No.12&ZD230),National Science Foundation(No.51878438)and Tianjin Science Foundation(No.18JCYBJC22400).Chair:Xu Subin;Co-operators:Aoki Nobuo,Wang Yuru,Wu Cong,Wang Lin.Research members include staffs,doctoral and master students of International Research Center for Chinese Cultural Heritage Conservation,School of Architecture,Tianjin University.
[4]Paragraph IV,Article 10,Constitution of the People's Republic of China,revised since 1988.“No organization or individual may appropriate,buy,sell or otherwise engage in the transfer of land by unlawful means.The right to the use of land may be transferred according to law.”
[5]Differential land benefit means the different benefits relating to different grades of land,which is one of the standards of benchmark land prices.
[6]Along with the old ruins of iron-making and copper mine sites,ruins of mercury processing sites,ancient kiln,ancient liquor brewhouses and shipyards,we can find in the list some notable modern industrial heritage sites such as:the Huangya cave arsenal,the Middle East railway complex,the early buildings of the Tsingtao Brewery,the Hanyeping Coal-Iron Industrial Site,Shilongba Hydropower Station,Gejiu Railway Station,Qiantang River Bridge,the former launch site of missiles and satellites known as Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center,Dashen Cotton Mill of Nantong,etc.Besides these,the first oil well of Daqing and the former site of nuclear weapons research in Qinghai were also included in the early stages of the protected sites list.
[7]The data on the establishment dates of modern industrial factories was extracted mainly from Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(《中国近代工业史资料》)compiled by Chen Zhen,Yao Luo;Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(Issue 1)(《中国近代工业史资料》)compiled by Sun Yutang;Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(Issue 2)(《中国近代工业史资料》)compiled by Wang Jingyu.
[8]The mos-toften consulted sources of documentation were:History of the Modern Industry of China(《中国近代工业史》)compiled by Zhu Cishou;Development History of Chinese Modern Industry(1840-1927)(《中国近代工业发展史(1840—1927)》)compiled by Fan Xicheng and Lu Baozhen;Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(Issue 1-4)(《中国近代工业史资料》compiled by Chen Zhen,Yao Luo;Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(Issue 1,1840-1895)(《中国近代工业史资料》compiled by Sun Yutang,Studies of Chinese Modern Economic History by the Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Document for the Modern Industrial History of China(Issue 2)1895-1914(《中国近代工业史资料》compiled by Wang Jingyu;History of Modern Chinese Railways compiled by Yang Yonggang,etc.
[9]In terms of the selection of evaluation criteria,our research team distributed a questionnaire survey and engaged in discussions with participating experts at the third Chinese Academic Forum of Industrial Heritage in 2012.Based on the responses,five preliminary criteria were proposed and ranked.As the research progressed,a second questionnaire survey was presented at the fourth Chinese Academic Forum of Industrial Heritage.At that time,we proposed four basic values and eight factors of influence as first-grade indicators,which were further divided into secondary indicators.Experts were also asked to attribute indexing weights.During the meeting,the experts enthusiastically discussed the proposed indicators and gave further advice and suggestions.In May 2014,based on the two surveys,the research team proposed 12 criteria,which became a source of consensus at the founding conference of the Industrial Heritage Committee subordinated to the Chinese Society of Cultural Relics.