3.5 Strengthening Basic Theoretical Researches and...
3.5.1 Basic Theoretical Issues such as the Concept of Third-front Construction Heritage
Regarding the theoretical research on the industrial heritage of the thirdfront construction,it is necessary to discuss:a.the industrial property of the third-front construction,that is the concept of the third-front industrial heritage under the framework of the World Heritage Convention,Nizhniy Tagil Charter,and the Dublin Principles;b.the characteristics of the third-front industrial architectural heritage;c.the multiple values of the third-front industrial heritage;d.the evaluation system of the third-front industrial heritage's value,etc.In terms of time,the third-front industrial heritage belongs to the contemporary industrial heritage.In terms of pattern,some are in living or static form while others are in living-static coexistence form,though the majority are static ones.Furthermore,only a few of the third-front industrial heritage can be considered as cultural relics.Their old buildings are allowed to be reconstructed and reused.
3.5.2 Empirical Researches—Assessing the Sustainability of a Project
Carrying out an empirical study on typical cases about industrial heritage's conservation and utilization is for exploring the sustainable development of the project.We could also verify whether the expected objectives are achieved via evaluating the actual benefits after the implementation of the conservation and utilization project.For example,Chengdu East Suburb Memory Cultural Creative Industry Park,established as a preservation and development of industrial heritage,have not achieved the expected results of publicity and development during its operation in the past two years.According to the on-site survey of the merchants,the occupancy rate of the park's storefront is low and the business is bleak.Although East Suburb Memory is helpful to keep relevant industrial heritage intact,its development and utilization are not effective.The reasons are worth exploring.Besides,it is also necessary to discuss the principles of preservation and utilization of the third-front industrial heritage through the analysis and researches of the practice cases,to theorize the successful experience to supplement and enrich the theoretical basis as well as to provide a theoretical basis for the state authorities to issue relevant policy.
（translated by Li Shutong）
【注释】
[1]This project is supported by National Social Science Foundation(No.17ZDA207).(https://www.daowen.com)
[2]Lv Jianchang,professor of the Department of History at Shanghai University,director of the Center for the Third-front Construction in China of Shanghai University.Major research interests include cultural heritage,museology,preservation of third-front construction industrial heritage.He studied in Shanghai University history,artefact and museology and preservation of cultural heritage,taught various related courses,published four monographs including The Study of Museums and Contemporary Social Issues and edited or participated in the compilation of several books.His monograph Research on Modern Industrial Heritage Museums was selected as part of the 2015 National Social Science Collection.He has directed several projects for National Social Science Foundation,the Ministry of Education,State Administration of Cultural Heritage and Shanghai Education Commission.He is now Chief Expert of the 2017 National Social Science Foundation Major Project(No.17ZDA207),member of the museum management committee of Chinese Museum Association and par-t time professor of the Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology,Fudan University.
[3]The State Administration of Cultural Heritage sent a letter to the General Office of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,and held a meeting on the proposal of Jiang Gangjie,a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference,on the proposal to strengthen the protection and utilization of third-front construction heritage resources.
[4]According to the documents of the Central Military Commission at that time,the third-front areas classified by geographical environment are:the east of Wushaoling in Gansu,the west of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway,the south of Yanmenguan in Shanxi,and the vast area north of Shaoguan in Guangdong.Some scholars believe that it is a division of China from the coastal,borderline to inland areas from the perspective of national defense,that is,the first-front refers to the coastal and border areas;the third-front refers to Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia,Qinghai,Hunan,Hubei,Henan,Shanxi,Guangxi,Guangdong and other parts;the secondfront refers to the middle area between the first-front and the third-front.Among them,Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan in the southwest,and Shaanxi,Gansu,Ning and Qing in the northwest are commonly known as“the big third-front”.“The small third-front”are located in the hinterland of Anhui,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Fujian,Shandong and other provinces.The third-front construction includes military construction in the big and small third-front areas.The third-front area of the two claims is roughly the same.See Chen Donglin,“The Beginning and End of the Third-front Construction,”in The Communist Party of China and the Third-front Construction,Beijing:CPC History Publishing House,2014,pp.3,8.
[5]The Panzhihua City Cultural Relics Bureau,ed.,We Are All Discoverers—Panzhihua City's Immovable Cultural Relics Collection,Tiandi Publishing House,2017.
[6]Chongqing Third-front Construction Site Investigation and Protection and Utilization Research Group,“Research on the Investigation and Protection and Utilization of Chongqing Third-front Construction Sites”,Chongqing Productivity Development Center(internal data),2016.
[7]Although the National Cultural Relics Bureau's third non-removable cultural relics survey also included industrial heritage,only 156 third-front industrial heritage sites were recorded,and the census was not thorough.According to the archives of the State Council's Third-front Office,combined with eight provinces and one city's planning data and the sample surveys of Chongqing and Shanxi,it is estimated that the number of national third-front enterprise heritage should be around 600,and now more than half are in the state of ruins and idle.See Chen Donglin,“We Should Actively Research the Preservation and Utilization of Third-front Heritage to Serve the Culture of the New Era”,in the Institute of Contemporary History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Selected Papers on the Academic Exchange of“Third-front Construction and New-generation Socialist Culture with Chinese Characteristics”(Internal communication),March,2018,p.18.
[8]Hubert,F.,Ecomuseum in France:Contradictions and Distortions,UNESCO Museum,1985,148(3),p.187.