学生财政支持体系
澳大利亚学生财政支持系统（Student Financial Supplement Scheme，SFSS）始于1993年，主要是对学生生活相关费用进行资助。[52]SFSS刚建成时，主要由“青年津贴”（YA）和“澳大利亚助学金”（AUSTUDY）构成。“学生起点奖学金”和“迁居奖学金”成立后，也被纳入其中。除此之外，还有“土著助学金”（ABSTUDY）、“交通津贴”（Fares Allowance）和“教育养恤金补充”（Pensioner Education Supplement）三项相关资助政策。[53]这一体系层次丰富，覆盖面广，资助力度大，在推动澳大利亚高等教育普及、落实教育公平方面起着至关重要的作用。
“青年津贴”针对的是16～24岁之间的全日制本科生，或者选修规定课程的研究生以及学徒工。该项津贴发放数额的高低由学生是否与父母同住的情况决定，与父母同住的学生获得的数额较低，反之，可以获得较高数额。[54]“澳大利亚助学金”针对的是25岁或以上的全日制学生，或者选修规定课程的研究生以及学徒工。该助学金每两周发放一次，学生可以自由选择用于学习开支或者用于生活开支。[55]“土著助学金”是针对符合条件的土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民的政策。该项奖学金资助符合条件的土著学生和托雷斯海峡的岛民，增加他们参与中等和高等教育以及职业培训的机会，以促进土著居民和托雷斯海峡的发展。申请该项奖学金的学生，同时有资格申请“起点奖学金”和“迁居奖学金”。[56]“交通津贴”是针对学生的交通费用，如果申请者需要经常往返家和学习地，并且距离较远，便可以获得该项津贴，用以补偿这部分费用。该项津贴的获得不影响其他奖助学金的申请。“教育养恤金补充”是对学习特定课程的学生的补贴。[57]
基于《大学生经济状况报告（2012）》，我们对澳大利亚大学生的经济状况（包括收入与资助来源、开支和债务程度）、经济状况对学业的影响，以及政府对大学生经济补偿政策有了深入了解。首先需要明确的是，大学生经济状况的如上三个维度是紧密相关的，大学生的收入与资助来源、开支与债务程度会对学生的学业带来不可避免的影响，而政府对低社会经济地位学生的经济补偿政策又会影响他们的经济状况与学业。《大学生经济状况报告（2012）》的主体内容在于大学生的经济状况及其学业影响，在政府经济补偿维度，我们在《报告》信息的基础上补充了其他内容，以完整呈现澳大利亚政府是怎样来经济补偿低社会经济地位大学生的。反思国内相关状况，我们对学生的收入与资助来源、开支与债务程度的研究非常薄弱，而对大学生的经济补偿，我国政府出台实施了诸多政策，但是这些政策的理论和数据基础是薄弱的。所以，政府对家庭经济弱势大学生补偿政策的精准性和整体效果，需要深入去研究。其次，《大学生经济状况报告（2012）》所展示的内容说明，澳大利亚政府对低社会经济地位大学生这样的弱势群体的关照落到了实处，相比而言，我们需要有更多的研究来关注大学生群体中的少数民族学生、来自偏远农村的学生、大龄学生、家庭经济弱势学生和留学生。对这些大学生群体经济状况及其学业影响的关注和研究，可以提高政府大学生经济补偿政策的有效性，这也是社会文明进步的体现。
【注释】
[1]Bexley，E.，Daroesman，S.，Arkoudis，S.&James，R.University Student Finances in 2012：A Study of the Financial Circumstances of Domestic and International Students in Australia's Universities[R].Melbourne：Center for the Study for Higher Education of the University of Melbourne，2013：6.
[2]Bexley，E.，Daroesman，S.，Arkoudis，S.&James，R.University Student Finances in 2012：A Study of the Financial Circumstances of Domestic and International Students in Australia's Universities[R].Melbourne：Center for the Study for Higher Education of the University of Melbourne，2013：6.
[3]Bexley，E.，Daroesman，S.，Arkoudis，S.&James，R.University Student Finances in 2012：A Study of the Financial Circumstances of Domestic and International Students in Australia's Universities[R].Melbourne：Center for the Study for Higher Education of the University of Melbourne，2013：3-6.
[4]Bexley，E.，Daroesman，S.，Arkoudis，S.&James，R.University Student Finances in 2012：A Study of the Financial Circumstances of Domestic and International Students in Australia's Universities[R].Melbourne：Center for the Study for Higher Education of the University of Melbourne，2013：7-8.
[5]驻澳大利亚使馆教育处.澳大利亚大学生的经济状况不容乐观[J].世界教育信息，2002（8）：23—24.
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[7]Bexley，E.，Daroesman，S.，Arkoudis，S.&James，R.University Student Finances in 2012：A Study of the Financial Circumstances of Domestic and International Students in Australia's Universities[R].Melbourne：Center for the Study for Higher Education of the University of Melbourne，2013：21，68.
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