西方新闻摄影中死亡主题的视觉文化分析——以近十几年部分荷赛世界新闻摄影奖和普利策新闻奖获奖图片为例
傅 平[1] 罗 熙[2]
内容提要：视觉文化时代的到来已是一种不可逆转的趋势，而视觉时代是人类历史发展继原始图腾时代、文字时代之后的第三个时代。在电影、电视、报纸、书刊、互联网等大众媒介不断发展而制造出种种视觉符号的同时，信息的可视化便得以加强了。而摄影作为视觉时代主要的视觉媒介之一，在视觉文化领域有着不可忽视的重要影响。其中，摄影和死亡主题的紧密联系给视觉文化研究提供了很好的素材。
本文以近十几年荷赛世界新闻摄影奖和普利策新闻奖获奖图片作为研究样本，通过内容分析的方法，以格式塔心理学为图片解读的心理完形理论，并基于符号学对摄影作品的表征进行分析，目的是研究西方新闻摄影中死亡主题摄影作品的特点以及差异，了解关于死亡的报道方式、审美趣味和意识形态，并为与死亡相关主题的摄影报道提供一些参考。
关键词：新闻摄影 死亡 格式塔心理学 符号学 意识形态分析
An Analysis of Visual Culture on Death Issues in Western News Photography——Part of the award-winning picture of the past few years，the World Photography Award and the Pulitzer Prize，for example
Abstract:The arrival of the era of visual culture is now an irreversible trend.Visual age is the third time after the primitive totem age and the script age in human history.The visualization of information is sharpened with the development of technology which is adopted in mass media such as films，televisions，newspapers，books，magazines and Internet.At the same time，the mass media create a variety of visual symbol.Photography functions as one of the visual medium which effect cannot be ignored.Moreover，photography and death issues which are closely linked can provide good materials to the study of visual culture
In this paper，the author investigate the winning images of World Press Photo and Pulitzer Prize of recent ten years and adopt the content analysis methods.In addition，the research use the gestalt psychology as the theory of Psychological gestalt.Based on this，the research also adopt the semiotics to analyse the characterization features of pictures.The purpose of this essay is to study characteristic features and differences in western news photography of death issue，understand the report ways，aesthetic taste and ideology of death issues.Also，the essay can be a reference of the reports of death issues.
Key words:News photography Death Gestalt Semiotics Ideology analysis