近代“有闻必录”观念的是与非

郭　冲^[1]

内容提要：“有闻必录”是我国近代新闻史上重要的新闻传播观念之一。它的出现虽稍晚于第一批近代报刊，但其演变贯穿了整个近代新闻事业，成为对新闻事业尤其是新闻业务具有重要影响力的新闻观念。本文在前人研究的基础上，试着全景式地展现“有闻必录”观念的来源、发展及实践，探讨其内涵特色与其百年来备受争议的原因。

关键词：有闻必录　近代报刊　新闻观

Rights and Wrongs of the Concept of“Report What Has Been Heard”in Modern Chinese History

Abstract:“Report what has been heard”is one of the important Journalism and Communication concept in Chinese modern Journalism history.Although it's appearance is latter than the arise of Chinese modern Journalism career，it's development ran through the whole Chinese modern Journalism career and it became one of the journalism concepts which played an important role in Journalism career especially in Journalism practice.Based on the study before，this article tried to state the origin，development and practice of the concept of“report what has been heard”，discussing why it was argued in almost 100 years.

Key words:Report What Has Been Heard　Chinese Modern Journalism　The Concept of Journalism

“有闻必录”是我国近代新闻界的一个十分流行的新闻观念。自近代报刊在我国出现以来，“有闻必录”的报道观念一直伴随我国报业发展。直到1949年以后，这一新闻观念仍对新闻界具有一定的影响力。

《宣传舆论学大辞典》收录了“有闻必录”这一词条：“有闻必录”19世纪80年代以来中国新闻界流行的一句口头禅。最早出自1883年6月10日上海《申报》的一则黑旗军获胜的新闻。文中写道：“此信不知自何而来，官场中亦多有传述。是真是伪，万里关河无从探悉，亦以符有闻必录之例云尔。”作为一种新闻观念，在20世纪70年代的《申报》上已有所表述。它当时的主要含义是：“只要听到有人讲过的事实，报纸就可以报道，至于真伪如何，报馆不负责任。”^〔1〕