应用科学、工程与技术技能合作项目“区域技能开发标杆管理倡议”
这一倡议(the Regional Benchmarking Initiative)于2015年由世界银行与非洲政府成立的PASET发起。PASET成立于2013年,致力于在非洲培养熟练的劳动力,以最大限度地提高在关键经济部门的投资回报,并提高大学和研究中心生产与区域发展挑战相关知识的能力。
(一)倡议的背景
根据世界银行的文献,发起“区域技能开发标杆管理倡议”的背景是:撒哈拉以南非洲地区在过去10年中经历了显著的GDP增长;然而,它缺乏高技能的人力资本,尤其是在能把这种增长带入更高水平的应用科学、工程和技术(ASET)领域。非洲高等教育机构如果要使每年进入就业市场的近1100万毕业生具备这些技能,还需要做更多的工作。但是,从表5.1和图5.4可以看出,非洲大学缺乏综合的管理信息系统,而且在院校和国家两级都缺乏这样做的能力。填补这一差距需要全面的指标数据,如学习和教学质量、项目相关性、毕业生就业市场调研结果及其研究等。
表5.1 PASET项目区域标杆管理试点评估结果
资料来源:The World Bank.The PASET Regional Benchmarking Initiative to Strengthen African Universities:An Africa-led initiative to bridge the skills gap in Applied Sciences,Engineering,&Technology[R].Washington,D.C.:The World Bank,2017:1.
图5.4 PASET项目区域标杆管理试点评估报告中31所非洲大学管理信息系统的建立和使用情况
资料来源:The World Bank.The PASET Regional Benchmarking Initiative to Strengthen African Universities:An Africa-led Initiative to Bridge the Skills Gap in Applied Sciences,Engineering,&Technology[R].Washington,D.C.:The World Bank,2017:1.
为了帮助应对这一需求,PASET于2015年发起了撒哈拉以南非洲大学“区域标杆管理倡议”。该倡议旨在帮助非洲国家和大学分别制定整个高教系统和各院校层面的绩效指标和综合框架,以便与区域和全球同行进行比较。
区域标杆管理倡议将以设在非洲的一个中心为基地。该中心的任务是向非洲高等院校和非洲国家高等教育管理机构提供能力建设和技术援助,以发展它们自己的标杆管理体系。
(二)倡议的现有行动和未来计划
自该倡议启动以来,来自20多个非洲国家的50多所大学以及国家高教管理机构、区域和次区域组织参加了该倡议名下所组织的初步活动和研讨会。该倡议帮助31所大学测量了66项关键绩效指标和健康指标,比如女大学生比例、有博士学位教师比例、毕业生毕业后六个月内就业比例,以及学者从事技术转让活动的比例。
在该倡议下,世界银行和非洲国家还将建立一个区域数据收集和分析中心。通过竞争性的选拔过程,一所非洲大学将被选为“非洲大学区域数据中心”(a Regional Hub for Data on African Universities)。其工作人员将由世界银行PASET秘书处召集的全球专家进行培训。该倡议呼吁该中心作为收集、存储、验证和分析来自各非洲国家高教管理机构和大学本身的相关数据的中心;定期进行区域层次的基准测试,并定期更新方法,包括学生调查、行业调查和毕业生跟踪研究工具;向院校、国家高等教育机构和区域/次区域组织提供基准测试方面的技术援助;定期发表研究报告和基于数据的报告。
为了该数据中心的顺利发展,该倡议还提出要设置一个顾问委员会支持和帮助该中心及其合作伙伴;将制定一个可持续的财政模式,将捐助者的资金和从参与机构收取的费用结合起来。[55]
该倡议无疑有助于非洲的大学、学生及其家庭、决策者、毕业生用人单位、捐助者以及其他利益相关者。
【注释】
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