小学英语教师课堂话语与指令分类
在英语课堂里,教师话语构成主要的语言输入,也是教师进行课堂组织最直接的工具。 根据教师话语的目的和功能,教师的课堂用语可以从“交际”“教学”与“课堂管理”三大方面进行介绍。
1.交际性功能
(1)导入环节的交际互动。
①一般问候语。
•Good morning/afternoon, boys and girls/Class 1,2,3…
•How are you today?
•How are you doing?
•How is everyone today?
②通过询问大家的节假日活动进入课堂教学。
•How was your weekend?
•How was your vacation last week?
•Did you have a great time last weekend?
•Did you enjoy your national holiday last week?
•Have you been to anywhere during your winter holiday?
•Do you have anything interesting to share with us about your holiday time?
③寒暄天气和时间。
•What’s the weather like today?
•How’s the weather today?
•It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
•What day is it today?
•What’s the date today?
④通过free talk 热身。
•Did you enjoy our Sports Day last week?
•What changes have you noticed about our school gate?
•Have you met our new music teacher?
(2)课堂中的交际互动。
•Yes, you are right.
•I agree with you.
•I like that idea.
•I’m glad that you did it.
•That’s great!
•Thanks for letting me know.
•Thank you for pointing out this error.
•Thanks for your suggestions.
•I’m sorry to hear that.
•Oh, that’s a pity.
(3)下课前的交际互动。
•That’s all for today. I hope you all have a nice day out tomorrow!
•See you next time.
•See you later.
•See you next week.
2.教学性功能
(1)进入教学内容。
①语言复习。
•We learned about Mr. Star’s family last week. Can you remember who they are?
•Now, I’m going to show you some pictures. Can you still remember these words?
②语言呈现。
•Please look at this picture. What can you see?
•Please listen to this dialogue, and tell us what “animal” words you can hear.
•Now I’m going to show you some pictures. Please tell what “sports activities” you can see.
③主题介绍。
•Today we are going to learn about “nature”.
•The topic we are going to learn about is “the Spring Festival” in China.
•What do you think we are going to talk about today?
(2)了解学生关于教学内容的已知情况。
•Today, we are going to learn about “Christmas”. What do you know about Christmas?
•Can you write down five jobs you know?
(3)了解学生对教学内容的理解情况。
•Who is the main character in this story?
•What did people do in this story?
•What is Mike’s favorite food?
•Can you read and find the animals that like to live in dry places?
(4)请求学生的重复表达。
•Sorry, can you say it again?
•Sorry, what did you say?
•I’m very sorry. I didn’t quite understand.
•I’m sorry. I didn’t quite catch what you said. Can you say it again?
•Can you repeat what you just said?
•I’m sorry that I missed you here. Can you say it again?
(5)激发学生的思考。
•From this picture, can you guess what Susan is going to do next?
•Can you think of a different ending to the story?
•Can we find similar examples from our daily lives?
•What suggestions can you give to Susan?
•What would happen if the lion and the mouse became friends?
•Why do you think the lion is happy?
•What are the differences between these two choices?
(6)组织课堂活动。
①活动前的教师指令语。
•Let’s play a guessing game together.
•Are you ready for singing together?
•Are you ready for the listening practice?
•Are you ready to read this text loudly and clearly?
•Please take out a pen and underline the words of animals.
•Now, let’s watch a movie and then discuss how to answer these questions.
•Now, let’s discuss the topic in pairs/groups.
•Now, let’s stand up and do the actions together.
②小组活动安排。
•We are going to sing in groups.
•Let’s get in groups of four.
•Can you now work in pairs and have a conversation with your partners?
•Please work in groups of four and take turns to do the interview.
•In each group, please first decide your roles.
•In your role play, please make sure that you know your roles.
•Who is playing the lion in the role play?
•Who is playing the role of the teacher in this interview?
•Who is going to be Mr. Star in this activity?
(7)鼓励学生课堂的参与性。
•Who would like to read this short text for us?
•Who would like to answer this question?
•Who would like to try?
•Anybody who wants to have another try?
•Anybody who would like to have a try?
(8)检查课堂活动与练习的完成情况。
•Please practise the dialogue in pairs.
•When you finish the task, please check your answers with your partners.
•Who has finished filling the blanks on Page 8?
•How did you find this activity?
•Do you need a bit more time to finish the task?
•Please raise your hands if you have finished the pair work.
•Did you find the answer, Mike?
•Did you speak to your partner and write down the information?
•Please concentrate and finish Exercise 2 on Page 4.
•Now, let’s check the answers to these questions together.
(9)课堂反馈、鼓励与点评。
•That was great! Do you really think so?
•You did a good job. You read it clearly and loudly.
•Well done, Mike! It was very brave that you have volunteered to join in.
•That’s right! Do you have any other ideas?
•I understand what you mean. Can you say it again a little bit louder?
•Maybe the answer is not quite right. Please try again!
•Good try, but not quite right.
•Good try, it’s not right yet, but you are getting there.
•Not quite right, but your idea is very interesting.
•That’s very good thinking. Can you think of another word to answer this question?
•I like your idea very much.
(10)收集、检查、评论、布置家庭作业。
•Can I collect all the homework please?
•Can you all hand in your homework?
•Can you pass your homework to me please?
•Have you finished all your homework?
•Did you find your homework a little bit difficult this time?
•How did you finish your homework from last week?
•Did you get help from others?
•What resources did you find useful in carrying out your task given last week?
•Did you check the Internet to get more information?
•Did you use your dictionaries to check any new words?
•Did you talk to your group members to help each other?
•Let’s look at the homework for today.
•Please take a note of today’s homework.
•Have you all written down today’s homework?
3.课堂管理性功能
(1)宣布上课。
•Okay, everyone, are you ready to start our lesson now?
•Now, let’s start our lesson for today.
•Now, let’s begin our class.
(2)检查出勤情况。
•Is everyone here?
•Let’s see, who’s absent/not here today.
•Now, we are checking the attendance.
•Attention, please. I’m going to check attendance now.
•Please raise your hand when I call your name.
•Where is Mike?
•Does anybody know what has happened to Mike?
(3)维持课堂纪律。
•Be quiet, please.
•Can everyone be quiet, please?
•Listen, please.
•Can you stop talking please?
•Can we all listen please?
•Can you go back to your seat please?
•Can everyone look at the board please?
(4)下课。
•It’s about time to finish the class now.
•I hope you have enjoyed today’s lesson.
•Thank you for your attention in this lesson.
•I’m pleased with your active participation in this lesson.
•Class is over. See you next time.