一、成分转换法
（一）其他成分转换成主语
例1：Various substances differ widely in their magnetic character istics.
不同物质的磁特性相差甚大。
例2：That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.
一本好书能开卷引人入胜，闭卷使人获益匪浅。
例3：They have been opened to the vast and excellent science，in which my work is the beginning，ways and means by which other minds more acute than mine will explore its remote corners.
通向广阔而且美好的科学大门已经打开，我的工作只是跨进大门的第一步，比我们更有才华的人将沿着这条路探索这些科学边缘。
例4：Electromagnetic waves carry the energy which is received from the current flowing in the conductor.
电磁波携带的能量是从导体流动着的电流中获得的。
（二）其他成分转换成谓语
例1：Even well before，scientists recognized that light has a vast capacity for transmitting information.
甚至在很久以前，科学家就认识到，光传播信息的容量巨大。
例2：Attempts were made to develop a new technique for breeding rice variety.
他们曾努力开发一种培养水稻品种的新科技。
例3：It is considered probable that there exists a definite relation ship between nutritional defects and these conditions.
在营养不良和癌症患者之间可能存在着一定的关系。
例4：If my association with her influence her in the choice of a career，it was without intension.
如果我与她的关系影响到她的择业，那纯属巧合。
（三）其他成分转换成宾语
例1：Throughout the world come into use the identical standardized machine parts.
全世界都采用相同的标准件。
例2：Then some new ideas came along that enabled the scientists to study the magnetism of the human body.
后来出现了使科学家研究人体机制成为可能的新观念。
例3：Sufficient space must be left between two portions of a railway line to allow for expansion in hot weather.
在两条铁轨之间必须留有足够的间隙以允许灼热气候下的膨胀。
例4：The director is still pondering over the wisdom of accepting the contract，and will give his decision tomorrow.
主任仍在考虑接受这项合同是否明智，并将在明天做出决断。
（四）其他成分转换成定语
例1：The electronics industry made great progress in the 1970s with the spread of the computer.
随着计算机的普及，电子工业在20世纪70年代取得了巨大的发展。
例2：The term CFO is used to refer to anyone responsible for a significant corporate investment or financing decision.
例3：Changes in the economic basis requires a corresponding change in the superstructure.
经济基础的改变要求上层建筑也做相应的改革。
例4：A laser beam，if power enough，can bring down a satellite or a missile many miles away.
强大的激光束能够击落数英里以外的卫星或导弹。
（五）其他成分转换成状语
例1：The pore space of soil thoroughly soaked with water does not have any air.
如果土壤完全被水淹没的话，其孔隙就没有丝毫空气。
例2：Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
现在人们已经认识到，如果食物中缺少了某些重要成分，节食，即使不含任何有害物质也会导致严重的疾病。
例3：Food which is kept too long decays because it is attacked by yeasts，moulds and bacteria.
食物如放得过久就会腐烂，这是因为食物受到了酵母、霉菌和细菌的侵蚀。
例4：Oxygen blown into a polluted stream had stimulated bacteria to eat the toxic waste.
在遭受污染的小溪里注入氧气后，促使细菌吞食掉有毒的污物。