结 语

结 语

国际强行法指被国家组成之国际社会全体接受和承认不容克减的规范,此类规范只能由嗣后具有相同性质的一般国际法规范加以变更,其在国际法理论和实践中具有重要地位。除1969年《维也纳条约法公约》第53条规定的不容克减性、属于一般国际法规范、需由国家之国际社会全体公认的特性外,国际强行法还具有普遍适用性、等级优先性以及反映并保护国际社会基本价值观的主要特征。国际强行法最主要的渊源是国际习惯。此外,如果条约规则和一般法律原则能够被视为一般国际法规范,其也有可能成为国际强行法的渊源,反映国际强行法的现实存在及法律效力;国际法院判决和权威公法学家学说也可以成为国际强行法的辅助资料。识别一项国际强行法规范需要满足“两步法”规则:首先,需要有相关证据证明一项规范为一般国际法规范;其次,该规范必须被国家组成之国际社会全体接受和承认为不容克减的规范。确认国际强行法的识别标准有助于识别具有强制性的国际法规范,确认并巩固国际强行法在国际法理论及实践层面的重要地位。

(本文责任编辑:刘若琳)

The Theoretical Development of Jus Cogens

Song Shangcong

Abstract:Jus cogens has had problems such as vagueness of concept,unclarity of source of international law and uncertainty of scope for a long time.Scholars have tried to define jus cogens.However,those definitions may not reflect the characteristics of jus cogens or its essential position.The International Law Commission of the United Nations has conducted studies on jus cogens since 2015,which,to a certain extent,reflects the latest theoretical progress in the research on jus cogens.Therefore,this article intends to analyze the latest development of the theory of jus cogens,analyze its scientific definition by the International Law Commission,and sort out the main characteristics and sources of law of jus cogens.On this basis,this article summarizes the criteria for the identification of jus cogens,to help identify the specific norms of international law with the nature of jus cogens,and then confirm and consolidate the critical position of jus cogens in the theoretical and practical aspects.

Key Words:jus cogens;source of international law;vienna convention on the law of treaties;norm of general international law;international law commission

【注释】

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