TOWARDS A MICRO-LEVEL OF LANGUAGE EVOLUTION
NEURON AND LANGUAGE EVOLUTION
There are a large number of neurons in the nervous system in our enormously complex brain.And each nueron has connections to between 1,000 and 10,000 other neurons.The flow of neural activity is a flow of ions that occurs across synapses—tiny gaps between neurons.And a flow of ions across a synapse may either contribute to the firing of the postsynaptic neuron or inhibit such firing（see Figure 2）.The activation of neural simulations constitues meaningful thought（Lakoff，2008：19）.Therefore，neuron can be seen as the minimal units for human communication with different firing patterns，such as length of firing time，numbers of fires，duration of firing，ratio frequency of each fire in a group etc.If it is the case，then all language communication which carries all kinds of information from visual，auditory and touching stimulations，and all kinds of enviromental information will be integrated into the lowest level of the neurons.
According to Morris Henry Baslow（2012），individual neurons in the brain possess natural language in the form of energy-dependent action potentials or spikes（S）operating on a millisecond timescale that，along with pauses（P）between spikes，constitute a two letter（S，P）“alphabet”that is used to generate meaningful frequency-encoded neuronal“words”.These words are then used to transmit information to other neurons in the form of phrases consisting of two or more words that are contained within longer pause-delineated structured declarative sentences.Different length of neuron decides models of language processing.At a frequency of 100 Hz，the mean S+P word length would be 10 ms，thus，for a SL of 0.5 at 100 Hz，the S/P word would be S0.5/P9.5，for an SL of 1.0，the S/P word would be S1.0/P9.0，and for a SL of 1.5，the S/P word would be S1.5/P8.5.The above represents three different S/P words out of a great number of possible S/P words that are differentiated by the relative lengths of their spikes and pauses.All of these S/P words are different and may transmit different meanings and all words are being communicated at the same frequency of 100 Hz.
Even language of neuron could be used today to sitimulate the animal reactions.So it means the neuron has its own language.The language of neurons can be written in any of a number of frequency-encoded formats including Hz，S/P and musical notations and can be translated into any of the oral，written or symbolic human languages as well.Using artificial electronically generated frequencies that mimic the frequencies of recorded natural neuronal words，it has been demonstrated that it is possible not only to record these neuronal words，but also to communicate directly with the central nervous system of rats.The manufactured words have been shown to elicit the same behavioral responses in rats that would have been generated by exposure to a specific environmental stimulus.
However，neuron is changing overtime.Between our birth and age five，roughly half of the neural connections we are born with die off.The ones that are used stay and the other die.That is how the brain is shaped，and such a shaping is necessary if the brain is to learn to do the huge number of things it does.So here we can see language is also change accordingly with the change of neuron.Joel Gold and his brother（2014）concluded that delusions were thought to be caused by both misfiring neurons and the interaction between the brain and the social world（see Figure 3）.2 Joel suggests that in order to provide better treatment for mental illness，a person's culture and background must be considered.So if the case is true，we may even make a bolder hypothesis that whether the disppearing of a lexicon related to the dying of the neuron.
Figure 2：neurons that fire together
Figure 3：misfiring neurons（Joel Gold 2014）