参考文献
［1］Pievsky D，Rustgi N，Pyrsopoulos NT.Classification and Epidemiologic Aspects of Acute Liver Failur［eJ］.Clin Liver Dis，2018，22（2）：229-241.
［2］Lee WM，Stravitz RT，Larson AM.Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Position Paper on acute liver failure 2011［J］.Hepatology，2012，55（3）：965-967.
［3］Khashab M，Tector AJ，Kwo PY.Epidemiology of acute liver failur［eJ］.Curr Gastroenterol Rep，2007，9（1）：66-73.
［4］Kork F，Neumann T，Spies C.Perioperative management of patients with alcohol，tobacco and drug dependency［J］.Curr Opin Anaesthesiol，2010，23（3）：384-390.
［5］Gill RQ，Sterling RK.Acute liver failur［eJ］.J Clin Gastroenterol，2001，33（3）：191-198.
［6］Wright G，Wilmore S，Makanyanga J，et al.Liver transplant for adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis：case report and literature review［J］.Exp Clin Transplant，2012，10（5）：508-512.
［7］Ziser A，Plevak DJ.Morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic patients undergoing anesthesia and surgery［J］.Curr Opin Anaesthesiol，2001，14（6）：707-711.
［8］Garrison RN，Cryer HM，Howard DA，et al.Clarification of risk factors for abdominal operations in patients with hepatic cirrhosi［sJ］.Ann Surg，1984，199（6）：648-655.
［9］Mansour A，Watson W，Shayani V，et al.Abdominal operations in patients with cirrhosis：still a major surgical challenge［J］.Surgery，1997，122（4）：0-736.
［10］Buch KE，Chin EH，Nguyen SQ，et al.Factors that predict outcome of abdominal operations in patients with advanced cirrhosi［sJ］.Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol，2010，8（5）：451-457.
［11］Neeff H，Mariaskin D，Spangenberg HC，et al.Perioperative mortality after non-hepatic general surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis：an analysis of 138 operations in the 2000s using Child and MELD score［sJ］.J Gastrointest Surg，2011，15（1）：1-11.
［12］Pugh RNH，Murray-Lyon IM，Dawson JL，et al.Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varicestertiary care centers in the United State［sJ］.Br J Surg，1973，60：646-649.
［13］Riordan SM，Williams R.Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy［J］.N Engl J Med，1997，337（7）：473-479.
［14］Lopez-delgado JC，Ballus J，Esteve F，et al.Outcomes of abdominal surgery in patients with liver cirrhosi［sJ］.World J Gastroenterol，2016，22（9）：2657-2667.
［15］Bleszynski MS，Bressan AK，Joos E，et al.Acute care and emergency general surgery in patients with chronic liver disease：how can we optimize perioperative care？A review of the literatur［eJ］.World J Emerg Surg，2018，13（1）：32.
［16］Stravitz RT，Ellerbe C，Durkalski V，et al.Bleeding complications in acute liver failur［eJ］.Hepatology，2018，67（5）：1931-1942.
［17］Sheikh MF，Unni N，Agarwal B.Neurological Monitoring in Acute Liver Failur［eJ］.J Clin Exp Hepatol，2018，8（4）：441-447.
［18］Fernandez J，Acevedo J，Wiest R，et al.Bacterial and fungal infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure：prevalence，characteristics and impact on prognosi［sJ］.Gut，2018，67（10）：1870-1880.
［19］Bozbas SS，Bozbas H.Portopulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidate［sJ］.World J Gastroenterol，2016，22（6）：2024-2029.
［20］Krowka MJ，Plevak DJ，Findlay JY，et al.Pulmonary hemodynamics and perioperative cardiopulmonary-related mortality in patients with portopulmonary hypertension undergoing liver transplantation［J］.Liver Transpl，2000，6（4）：443-450.
［21］Trovato FM，Rabinowich L，Mcphail MJW.Update on the management of acute liver failur［eJ］.Curr Opin Crit Care，2019.
［22］Dalal A.Anesthesia for liver transplantation［J］.Transplant Rev（Orlando），2016，30（1）：51-60.
［23］Duvoux C，Zanditenas D，Hezode C，et al.Effects of noradrenalin and albumin in patients with type Ⅰhepatorenal syndrome：a pilot study［J］.Hepatology，2002，36（2）：374-380.