四、治 疗
(一)非手术治疗
对此类患者可以通过卧床休息、牵引治疗;或配戴腰围,减轻腰部负重;加强腰背肌和腹肌的功能锻炼,以增强腰部的动力性稳定作用;或适当的药物治疗等,是可以收到较好效果的。
(二)手术治疗
如上述治疗无效,或症状反复发作,持续1年以上,椎间盘造影阳性者,可考虑手术治疗。微创手术较多,本节只介绍椎间盘内电热疗法,即椎间盘内电热疗纤维环成形术(intradiscal electrothermal anuloplasty,IDET或IDTA)。该疗法于1998年试用于临床。其作用是通过电热疗使其纤维环内层纤维皱缩牵拉,使变松弛的纤维环呈紧张态,烧灼椎间盘内的肉芽组织,凝固神经纤维,从而达到消除或缓解疼痛的目的。
1.治疗方法 患者俯卧位,皮肤消毒局麻后,在透视引导下先从疼痛较轻侧将一17G穿刺针经后外侧入路进入病变椎间盘,直达髓核中央或纤维环内层与髓核交界处。然后放入可屈性、可转向的带温控热阻线圈的导管,将该导管插入至椎间盘前方纤维环内层,并沿其表面转向对侧纤维环的后外侧区,导管放置合适后,在13~17min内加热至90℃,并持续4min。90℃的导管温度可在纤维环上产生60~65℃的热。加热过程中患者可能会重现疼痛症状,可行对症止痛治疗,或降低其温度至85℃。加热完成后,拔出导管,通过导针注入抗生素(如头孢唑啉10~20mg)预防椎间盘感染。
2.术后处理 术后应卧床3~4周,于床上进行功能锻炼;下地时辅以腰围,3个月内避免提重物,弯腰或久坐。
(张伯勋)
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