四、治  疗

四、治  疗

(一)非手术治疗

对此类患者可以通过卧床休息、牵引治疗;或配戴腰围,减轻腰部负重;加强腰背肌和腹肌的功能锻炼,以增强腰部的动力性稳定作用;或适当的药物治疗等,是可以收到较好效果的。

(二)手术治疗

如上述治疗无效,或症状反复发作,持续1年以上,椎间盘造影阳性者,可考虑手术治疗。微创手术较多,本节只介绍椎间盘内电热疗法,即椎间盘内电热疗纤维环成形术(intradiscal electrothermal anuloplasty,IDET或IDTA)。该疗法于1998年试用于临床。其作用是通过电热疗使其纤维环内层纤维皱缩牵拉,使变松弛的纤维环呈紧张态,烧灼椎间盘内的肉芽组织,凝固神经纤维,从而达到消除或缓解疼痛的目的。

1.治疗方法 患者俯卧位,皮肤消毒局麻后,在透视引导下先从疼痛较轻侧将一17G穿刺针经后外侧入路进入病变椎间盘,直达髓核中央或纤维环内层与髓核交界处。然后放入可屈性、可转向的带温控热阻线圈的导管,将该导管插入至椎间盘前方纤维环内层,并沿其表面转向对侧纤维环的后外侧区,导管放置合适后,在13~17min内加热至90℃,并持续4min。90℃的导管温度可在纤维环上产生60~65℃的热。加热过程中患者可能会重现疼痛症状,可行对症止痛治疗,或降低其温度至85℃。加热完成后,拔出导管,通过导针注入抗生素(如头孢唑啉10~20mg)预防椎间盘感染。

2.术后处理 术后应卧床3~4周,于床上进行功能锻炼;下地时辅以腰围,3个月内避免提重物,弯腰或久坐。

(张伯勋)

参考文献

1 Abdullah AF,Ditto EW,Byrd EB,et al.Extreme lateral lumbar disc herniation:Clinical syndrome and special problems of diagnosis.J Neurosurg,1974;41:229

2 Abdullah AF,Wolber PGH,Warfield JR,et al.Surgical management of extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations:Review of 138cases.Neurosurg,1988;22:648

3 Akitomo K,Sinsuke H.Expermental study of intervertebral disc allografting in the dog.Spine,1994;19:2426

4 Allen D.Bertolotti’s Syndrome Revisited:Transitional vertebrae of the lumbar spine.Spine,1989;14:1373

5 Appignai BA,Jaramillo D,Barnes PD,et al.Dysraphic myelodysplasias associated with urogenital and anocectal anomalies:prevalence and types seem with MR imaging.AJR,1994;163:1199

6 Bagby G.Les Cages intersomatiques metalliques.The GIEDA Annual Meeting,paris,Framce,1994;151

7 Benz RJ,Garfin SR.Current techniques of decompression of the lumbar spine.Clin Orthop,2001;384:75

8 Bonnevile JF.La carte-image des hernias discales lombaires.Rachis,1990;2:255

9 Braithaiaite I,White J,Saifuddin H,Vertebral endplate changes on lumbar spine:MRI Correlation with pain reproduction at lumbar discography.Eur spine J,1988;7:363

10 Brinckmann P,Frobin W,Hierholzer E,et al.Deformation of the vertebral end-plate under axial loading of the spine.Spine;1983;8:851

11 Castellvi AE,Goldstein LA,Chan DP.Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and their relationship with lumbar extradural defect.Spine,1984;9:493

12 Chen D,Fay LA,Lok J,et al.Increasing neuroforaminal volume by anterior interbody distraction in degenerative lumbar spine.Spine,1995;20:74

13 Choy DSJ,Ascher PW,Saddekni S,et al.Percutaneous laser disc decompression:A new therapeutic modality.Spine,1992;17:949

14 Ciric I,Mikhael MA,Tarkington JA,et al.The lateral cecess syndrome.a variant of spinal stenosis.J Neurosurg,1980;53:433

15 Clowasd RB.The treatment of ruptured lumbar intervertebral discs by vertebral body fusion.I.Indications,operative technique,after care.Clin Orthop,1985;193:5

16 Copeman,W.S.C.:Textbook of rheumatic Diseases,P.419,E.&S.Livingstone Ltd.London;1964

17 Coppes MH,Marani E,Thommer RT,et al.Innerveration of“painful”lumbar discs.Spine,1997;15:2342

18 Crellin RQ.Jones ER.Sacral extradural cysts.A rare cause of low backache and sciatica.J Bone Joint Surg(Br),1973;55:20

19 Crock HV.A reappraisal of intervertebral disc lesions.Med J Aust,1970;16:983

20 Deorio JK,Bianno AJ.Lumbar disc excision in children and adolescents.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1982;64:991

21 Edelond HG.Some additional suggestions for an intervertebral disc prosthesis.J.Biomed Eng,1985;7:57

22 EL-Gindl S,Aref M,Andrew J.Infection of intervertebra discs after operation.J Bone Joint Surg,1976;58:114

23 Epstein JA,Epstein ME,Marc J,et al.Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in teenage Children.Spine,1984;9:427

24.Epstein JA.Sciatica caused by nerve root entrapment in the lateral recess:the superior facet syndrome.J Neurosurg,1972;36:584

25 Evans JH,Nachemson AL.Biomechanical study of human lumbar ligamentum flavum.J Anat,1969;105:188

26 Fischgrund JS,Mackay M,Herkowitz HN,et al.1997Volvo Award winner in clinical studies.Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis:aprospective,randomized study comparing decompressive laminectomy and arthrodesis with and without spinal instrumentation.Spine,1997;22:2807

27 Francis AE.Theoretical considerations for the use of calchicine(articulorm)in disk disease.J Neurol Orthop Med Surg,1986;7:235

28 Frederick RL,Hunter JV,Mahboubi S.Tethered cord and associated vertebral anomalies in children and infants with imperforate anus:evaluation with MR imaging and plain radiography.Radiology,1996;200:377

29 Frick SL,Hanley Jr EN,Meyer Jr RA.Lumbar intervertebral disc transfer A canine study.Spine,1994;19:1826

30 Frymoyer JW,Pope MH,Clements JC,et al.Risk factors in low back pain:An epidemioloyical Survey.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1983;65:213

31 Frymoyer W.J Follow-up Report on the first case fifty years after recognition of the Syndrome and Its surgical significance.J Bone Joint Surg,1985;67A:1113

32 Fujita K.Nakagawa T,Hirabayashi K,et al.Neutral proteinases in human intervertebral disc.Role in degeneration and probable origin.Spine,1993;18:1766

33 Gibson SJ,Polak JM,Bloom SR,et al.The distribution of nine peptides in the rat spinal cord with special emphasis on the substansia gelatinosa and on the area around the central canal(laminaX).J comp Neurol,1981;201:65

34 Grobler LJ.Comparing anterior lumbar interbody stabilisation with BAK Vertebral stabilis-er System and allograft:an experimental comparative investigation in the chagma Baboon.8th.NASS Annual Meeting,San Diego,USA,1993;115

35 Gutterman P.Syndromes associated with protrusion of upper lumbar intervertebral disc,results of Surgery.J Neurosurg,1973;38:499

36 Hamanishi C,Tanaka S.Dorsal root ganglia in the lumbosacral region observed from the axial viewes of MRI.Spine,1993;13:1753

37 Hansraj KK,Cammisa FP Jr,O'Leary PF,et al.Decompressive surgery for typical lumbar spinal stenosis.Clin Orthop,2001;384:10

38 Hansraj KK,O'Leary PF,Cammisa FP Jr,et al.Decompression,fusion,and instrumentation surgery for complex lumbar spinal stensis.Clin Orthop,2001;384:18

39 Hasue M,Kunogi J,Konno S,et al.Classification by position of dorsal root ganglia in the lumbosacral region.Spine,1989;14:1261

40 Hazelett JW,Kinnard P.Lumbar apophyseal process excision and spinal stability.Spine,1982;7:171

41 Hellinger J.Technical aspects of the percutaneous cervical and lumbar laser-discdecompression and nucleotomy.Neurol Res,1999;21:99

42 Hermann JM,Mclendon DG,Storrs BB,et al.Analysis of 153patients with myelomeningocele or spinal lipoma reaperted opon for a tethered cord:presentation,management and outcome.Pediatr Neurosurg,1993;19:243

43 Hermantin Fu,Peters T,Quartararol,et al.Aprospective,randomized study comparing the results of open discectomy with those of videoassisted.Arthroscopic microdiscectomy.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1999;81:958

44 Hohmann F,Sturz H.Differential indications for lumbosacral fusion and reposition operation in spondylolisthesis.Orthopade,1997;26:781

45 Holmes AD,Hukins DW,Freemont AJ.Endplate displacement during compression of lumbar vertebra-disc-vertebra segments and the mechanism of failure.Spine,1993;18:128

46 Inoue H.Three-dimensional architecture of lumbar in tervertebral discs.Spine,1981;6:139

47 Ishikawa S,Kumar SJ,Torres BC.Surgical treatment of dysplastic spondylolisthesis:results after in situ fusion.Spine.1994;19:1691

48 Ito S,Yamada Y,Tsuboi S.An observation of ruptured annulus fibrosis in lumbar discs.J Spinal Disord,1990;4:460

49 Jackson RP,Glah JJ.Foraminal and extraforaminal lumbar disc herniation:diagnosis and treatment.Spine,1987;12:577

50 James W,Willam C,Sally G.The pains of discography.Spine,1988;13:1344

51 Jamieson WG,Chinnick B.Thoracic outlet syndrome:fact or fancy?Areview of 409consecutive patients who underwent operation.Can J Surg,1996;39:321

52 Jordan SE,Machleder HI.Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome using electrophysiologically guided anterior scalene blocks.Ann Vase Surg,1998;12:260

53 Kambin P,Zhou L.Arthrocopic microdiscectomy of the lumbar spine.Clin Orthop,1997;337:49

54 Kelly TR.Thoracic outlet syndrome:current concepts of treatment.Ann Surg,1979;5:657

55 Kleeman TJ,Hiscoe AC,Berg EE.Patient outcomes after minimally destabilizing lumbar stenosis decompression:the“Port-Hole”technique.Spine,2000;25:865

56 Kobayashi S,Yoshizawa H,Nakai S,et al.Experimental study on the blood supply of the lumbar nerve root in dog.Cent Jpn orthop Traumatal,1989;31:133

57 Krugluger J.Knahr K.Chemonucleolysis and automeated percutaneous discectomy:aprospective randomized comparison.Int orthop,2000;24:167

58 Legrand E,Flipo RM,Guggenbuhl P,et al.Management of nontuberculous infectious discitis.Treatments used in llopatients admitted to 12teaching hospitals in france.Joint Bone Spine,2001;68:504

59 Liebler WA.Percutaneous laser disc nucleotomy.Clin Orthop,1995;310:58

60 Lippitt A B.The diagnostic value of facet joint mjection.Spine,1988;13:1407

61 Lversen E,Nielsen VAH,Hansen LG,et al.Prognosis in postoperative discitis:a retrospective study 111cases.Acta Orthop Scand,1992;63:305

62 Machemson H.Toward a batter understand of low back pain.Rheum Rehed,1989;14:129

63 Magnaes B.Clinical recording of pressure on the spinal cord and cauda equine(part2):position changes in pressure on the cauda equine in central lumbar spinal stenosis.J Neurosurg,1982;57:57

64 Mcgregor GP,Gibson SJ,Sabate IM,et al.Effect of peripheral and nerve crush on spinal cord neuropeptides cased VIP and PHI in the dorsal corn.Neurospinal,1984;13:207

65 Meek JB.Colchicine highly effective in disk disorders final results of a double-blind study.J Neurol Orthop Med Surg,1985;6:211

66 Mizrahi J,Silva MJ.Keaveny MT,et al.Finiteelement stress analysis of the normal and osteoporotic lumbar vertebral body.Spine,1993;18:2088

67 Mizuguchi T.Dirision of the pyriformis muscle for the treatment of sciatica.2.Postlaminectomy Syndrome and Osteoarthritis of the Spine.Arch Surg,1976;111:719

68 Modic MT,Feiglin DH,Pirano DW,et al.Vertebral osteomyelitis:Assessment using MRI.Radiology,1985;157:157

69 Modic MT,Ross JS,Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of low back pain.Orthop Clin North Am,1991;22:283

70 Nachemson AL,Evans JH.Some mechanical properties of the third human lumbar interlaminatr ligament(ligamentum flavum).J Biomech,1968;1:226

71 Nakamura E,Hashimoto N,Maeda Y,et al.Degeneration and ossification of the yellow liga-ment in ustable spine.J Spinal Disord,1990;3:288

72 Nelson MA.Lumbar spinal stenosis.J Bone Joint Surg(Br),1973;55:506

73 Novak CB,Mackinnon SE.Thoracic outlet syndrome.Olin Clin North Am,1996;27:747

74 Novak CB,Mackinnon SE.Thoracic outlet syndrome.Orthop Clin North Am,1996;27:88

75 Olivieri I,Gemignani G,Camerini E,et al.Differential diagnosis between osteitis condensans illi and sacroilitis.J Rheumatol,1990;17:1504

76 Olson EJ,Hanley Jr EN,Rudert J.Vertebral column allograft for the treatment of segmental spine defects:An experimental inverstigation in dogs.Spine,1991;16:1081

77 Ozaktay AC,Kallakuri S,Cavanaugh JM.Phospholipase A2Sensitivity of the dorsal root and dorsal root ganglion.Spine,1998;23:1297

78 Pace J B,Nagle D.Piriform Syndrome.West.J.Med,1976;124:435

79 Panjabi MM.The stabilizing system of the spine.Part I.Function,dysfunction,adaptation,and enhancement.J Spinal Disord,1992;5:383

80 Parter RW,Hibbert C.Calcitonin treatment for neurogenic claudication,Spine,1983;8:585

81 Patel MR,Louie W,Rachlin J.Percutaneous fibrin glue therapy of cysts of sacral Spine.AJR,1997;168:369

82 Paulsen RD,Call GA,Murtagh RF.Prevalence and percutaneous drainage of the sacra nerve root sheath(Tarlov cysts).AJNR,1994;15:293

83 Postachini F,Cinotti G,Guminas’.Long-term results of surgery in lumbar spinal stenosis.J Bone Joint Surg(Br),1993;75:173

84 Postachini F,Montanaro A.Extreme lateral herniation of lumbar disks.Clin Orthop,1979;138:222

85 Poussa M,Schlenzka D,Seitsalo S,et al.Surgical treatment of severe isthmic spondylolisthesis in adolescents:reduction or fusion in situ.Spine,1993;18:894

86 Puranen J,Mahde S et al.Postoperative intervertebral discitis.Acta Orthop Scand,1984;55:461

87 Quigley MR,Shin T,Elrifal A,et al.percutaneous laser discectomy with the HO:YAG laser.Lasers Surg Med,1993;12:621

88 Rask MR.Colchicine use in 3,000patients with diskal(and other)spinal disorders.J Neurol Orthop Med Surg,1985;6:295

89 Rask MR.Colchicine use in 500patients with disk disease.J Neural Orthop Med Surg,1980;1:351

90 Rask MR.Colchicine use in Damaged Disk Syndrome(DDS)Report of 50patients.Clin Orthop,1979;143:183

91 Remy J,Remy-Jardin M,Artaud D,et al.Multiplanar and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques in CT:impact on chest diseases.Eur Radiol,1998;8:335

92 Roger L,Melvill,Belinda L,et al.The intertransverse approach to extraforaminal disc protrusion in the lumbar Spine.Spine,1994;19:2707

93 Roos DB.New concepts of troracic outlet syndrome that explain etiology symptoms,diagnosis and treatment.Vase Surg,1979;13:313

94 Ryderik B,Brown M,Lundhong G.Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve compression.Spine,1984;9:7

95 Rydevik B,Brown M,Lundhong G..pathoanatomy and pathophysiology of nerve compression.Spine,1984;9:7

96 Saal JA,Saal JS.Thermal Characteristics of lumbar sisc:Evaluation of a novel approach to targeted intradiscal thermal therapy.Presented at the 13th annual meeting of the North American Spine Society.San Francisco,California,1998;28

97 Sandhu HS,Turner S,Kabo JM,et al.Distractive properties of a threaded interbody fusion device:an in vivo model.Spine,1996;21:1201

98 Sato K,Kikuchi S,An naotomic study of foraminal nerver root lesions in the lumbar spine. Spine,1993;18:2246

99 Savitz MH.Same day microsurgical arthroscopic lateral-approach laser-assisted(SMALL)fluoroscopic discectomy.J Neurosurg,1994;80:1039

100 Schneider SJ,Rosenthal AD,Greenberg BM,et al.A preliminary report on the use of laser-Doppler flowmetry during tethered spinal cord release.Neurosurg,1993;32:214

101 Sihvonen T.Local Denervation atrophy of paraspinal muscles in postoperative failed back syndrome.Spine,1993;18:575

102 Solheim,L F,et al.The pyriformis muscle syndrome:Sciatic nerve endtrapment treated with section of the pyriformis mucle.Acta Orthop Scand,1981;52:73

103 Spangler DM.Degenerative stenosis of the lumbar spine.J Bone Joint Surg(Am),1987;69:305

104 Suyama T,Hayoshi K.Experimental studies on the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligiment of the cervical spine.Nippon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi,1986;68:523

105 Tabris DA,Costantini S,Nena U.Surgical treatment of severe L5-S1spondylolisthesis in chilaren and adolescents:results of intraoperative reduction,posterior interbody fusion,and segmental pedicle fixation.Spine,1996;21:728

106 Tani S,Yamada S,Knighton RS.Extensibility of the lumbar and sacral cord.J Neurosurg,1987;66:116

107 Thompson JF,Jannsen F.Thoracic outlet syndromes.Br J Surg,1996;83:435

108 Urschel HC Jr,Razzuk MA.Neurovascular compression in the thoracic outlet:changing management over 50years.Ann Surg,1998;228:609

109 Vesterby A,Mosekilde L,Gundersen HJ,et al.Biologically meaningful determinants of the in vitro strength of lumbar vertebrae.Bone,1991;12:219

110 Videman T,Battie MC,Gibbons LE,et al.Lifetime exercise and disk degeneration:an MRI study of monozygotic twins.Med Sci Sports Exerc,1997;29:1350

111 Videman T,Battie MC,Gill K,et al.Magnetic resonance imaging findings and their relationships in the thoracic and lumbar spine.Insights into the etiopathogenesis of spinal degeneration.Spine,1995;20:928

112 Warder DE,Oakes WJ.Tethered cord syndrome:the low lying and normally positioned conus.Neurosurgery,1994;34:597

113 Wood VE,Ellison DW.Results of upper plexus thoracic outlet Syndrome operation.Ann Thorac Surg,1994;58:458

114 Yahia LH,Garzons,Strykowski H,et al.Ultrastructure of the human interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum:apreliminary study,Spine,1990;15:262

115 Yaka,Kessel TM,Leeman SE.Intrathecal morphine inhabits substance P release from mammalian spinal cord in vivo.Natrue,1980;286:155

116 Yang J,Letts M.Thoracic outlet syndrome in children.J Pediatr Orthop,1996;514

117 Yasuma T,Arai K,Yamauchi Y.The histology of lumbar intervertebral disc harniation the significance of small blood vessels in the extrude tissure.Spine,1993;18:1761

118 Yoganandan N,Larson SJ,Pintar FA,et al.Intravertebral pressure changes caused by spinal microtrauma.Neurosurgery,1994;35:415

119 Yong-Hing K,Reilly J,Kirkaldy-w WH.The ligamentum flavam,Spine,1976;1:226

120 Yoshida M,Shima K,Taniguchi Y,et al.Hypertrophied ligamentum flavum in lumbar spinal canal stenosis:pathogenesis and morphologic and immunohistochemical observation.Spine,1992;17:1353

121 鲍润贤,周 静.腰椎管狭窄症的CT诊断.中华骨科杂志,1988;8:171

122 柴本甫,汤雪明.腰椎间盘突出症的超微结构研究.中华骨科杂志,1988;8:215

123 陈伯华,胡有谷,何树刚,等.原发性下腰椎椎间隙感染.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2000;10:160(https://www.daowen.com)

124 陈伯华,夏玉军,周秉文,等.腰骶神经节的应用解剖及临床意义.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:213

125 陈加尔.梨状肌综合征.创伤骨科参考资料,1981;2:70

126 陈其昕,陈维善.腰椎管狭窄症后路减压术后的腰椎不稳定及其对手术结果的影响.中华骨科杂志,1997;17:603

127 陈晓亮,胡有谷.腰椎间盘组织的超微结构的观察.中华骨科杂志,1990;10:138

128 陈雄生,贾连顺.腰椎间盘损伤.中华外科杂志,1997;35:634

129 陈仲强,党耕町,周 方,等.椎间孔和椎间孔外腰椎间盘突出症.中华外科杂志,1995;33:285

130 成茂华,唐天驷,郑祖根,等.经峡部内固定腰椎峡部裂及其生物力学实验研究.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1997;7:60

131 程 斌,崔宽龙,王尚崑,等.脊髓纵裂患者的手术治疗.中华外科杂志,1995;33:144

132 褚大由.重度腰椎滑脱症的手术进展.中华骨科杂志,2000;20:289

133 戴力扬,杜晓冰.黄韧带的组织学观察及其临床意义.中华外科杂志,1994;32:410

134 戴力扬,贾连顺.腰骶部移行椎与腰痛的关系。中国临床解剖学杂志,1998;16:241

135 戴力扬,徐印坎,张文明,等.腰椎屈伸活动对椎管容量的影响.中华骨科杂志,1989;9:197

136 戴力扬.极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症.中华外科杂志,1998;36:597

137 戴力杨,戴方义,黄韧带骨化症.中华外科杂志,1989;27:99

138 戴力杨,杜晓冰.黄韧带退变性改变的组织学观察及其与腰椎椎管狭窄症的关系.中华骨科杂志,1995;15:195

139 戴力杨.腰骶部后根神经节及其临床意义.中华外科杂志,1996;34:61

140 戴 冽,汤美安,伊培达.强直性脊柱炎的诊断和治疗进展.国外医学内科学分册,1998;26:13

141 方华才.梨状肌肌症候群的诊断与治疗.颈腰痛杂志,1990;11:21

142 高苏宁,刘伟强.下腰痛的神经学机理认识.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2000;10:242

143 顾正明,张镇南,彭裕文.临床放射学杂志,1985;4:281

144 郭 钧,郭昭庆,陈仲强.椎间盘性下腰痛.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2002;12:394

145 郭世绂.脊柱先天性畸形.见:刘润田,脊柱外科学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1981;390—404

146 郭世绂.临床骨科解剖学.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1986

147 何天佑.腰椎小关节紊乱的诊治.颈腰痛杂志,1990;11:40

148 洪天禄,唐天驷,董天华.节段性不稳在脊柱滑脱症外科治疗中的临床意义.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:412

149 侯树勋,陆裕朴.腰椎椎管侧隐窝狭窄症35例分析.中华外科杂志,1986;24:136

150 侯树勋,吴闻文,商卫林,等.腰椎管侧隐窝狭窄症的再认识.中华骨科杂志,1997;17:734

151 胡有谷,郭世绂.1993年国际腰椎研究会议纪要.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:56

152 胡有谷,周秉文.拉塞克氏征和直腿抬高试验.中华外科杂志,1984;22:115

153 胡有谷主编.腰椎间盘突出症.人民卫生出版社,1985年

154 贾连顺,陈德玉,包聚良,等.腰椎间盘吸收综合征.中华骨科杂志,1989;9:85

155 贾连顺,苟三怀,唐国民,等.腰椎椎弓峡部崩裂的嵌入式植骨治疗.中华外科杂志,1990;28:584

156 贾连顺,李家顺.脊柱外科临床手册.上海:第二军医大学出版社,1998

157 贾连顺,李家顺主编.现代腰椎外科学.上海:上海远东出版社,1995

158 贾连顺,朱海波,侯铁胜,等.腰骶神经后根节异位畸形.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:210

159 姜保国,蒋化龙.三步减压法治疗腰椎管狭窄.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1998;8:95

160 蒋位庄,尚天裕.少年腰椎软骨板破裂症.中华骨科杂志,1982;2:34

161 金大地,瞿东滨.腰椎间盘微创手术.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2002;12:58

162 靳安民,邵振海,曹 虹,等.腰椎侧隐窝扩大成形术.颈腰痛杂志,1997;18:18

163 李承球,轩祖斌,孙贤敏.椎弓崩裂滑脱症的手术治疗.中华外科杂志,1991;29:746

164 李平生,郭文荣,林国叶,等.腰骶神经根异常综合征.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1997;7:170

165 李瑞明,姜延州,杨传铎,等.钛钢螺纹椎体融合器(TFC)在脊柱病变中的应用研究.中华骨科杂志,1998;18:203

166 李 元,柴本甫.术后腰背衰弱综合征中脊柱旁肌肉的局部失神经性萎缩.国外医学—创伤与外科基本问题分册,1994;15:245

167 李兆顺.骶髂筋膜脂肪疝所致腰腿痛.中华骨科杂志,1987;7:315

168 梁 裕,刘津治.Cage-一种新型的脊柱内置物.国外医学—创伤与外科基本问题分册,1998;19:163

169 林 华,李承球,韩祖斌,等.腰椎管狭窄伴间歇性跛行的降钙素治疗.颈腰痛杂志,1998;19:8

170 刘 淼,王振汉.腰骶神经根解剖变异所致神经根症状的多变性.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:230

171 刘 淼,臧家欣,张一铭.腰椎椎管大小和下腰椎管形态的X线测量.中华骨科杂志,1983;3:65

172 刘润田.脊柱外科学.天津:天津,科学技术出版社,1987

173 刘玉杰,梁 燕,卢世璧,等.骶神经根囊肿的影像学诊断和治疗方法的探讨.中国脊柱脊髓杂志.1999;9:73

174 刘玉杰,卢世璧,蔡幼铨.腰椎间盘术后椎间隙感染.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:753

175 刘玉杰,张伯勋,卢世璧,等.腰椎间隙感染的影像学诊断价值.中国医学影像学杂志,1995;3:24

176 刘振华,周建生,周新杜,等.椎间隙感染的临床特点及治疗方法探讨.中国脊柱脊髓杂志2000;10:350

177 陆宸照,周泰仁,过邦辅.术后椎间盘炎及文献复习.中华骨科杂志,1990;10:435

178 毛宾尧,林圣洲.临床骨科手册.北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:496—497

179 梅芳瑞,李长青.腰椎椎管狭窄症间歇性跛行的发生机理.中国脊柱脊髓杂志.1999;9:238

180 梅芳瑞,张 峡,周 跃,等.下腰段硬脊膜囊缩窄症.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1997;7:145

181 苗 华、黄恭康.梨状肌综合征的病因探讨.中华外科杂志,1983;2:163

182 幕小瑜,张学义,陈国瑞.腰椎间盘突出症的秋水仙碱治疗.中华外科杂志,1989;27:768

183 宁夏医院解剖教研组.腰神经后支的解剖观察.中华外科杂志,1977;15:103

184 潘之清.实用脊柱病学.济南:山东科学技术出版社,1996

185 片冈治.腰、下肢痛的原因—荐骨神经根囊肿.整形外科1972;23:81

186 丘耀元,葛宝丰.CT在腰椎间盘突出症诊断中的意义.中华外科杂志,1990;28:395

187 邱斌松,陈正形.腰椎管狭窄症的外科治疗进展.国外医学-骨科学分册,2002;23:76

188 邱 勇,唐天驷.经椎体间金属支架腰椎融合术.中华骨科杂志,1998;18:236

189 任先军,梅芳瑞.椎体终板的生物力学特性.国外医学—创伤与外科基本问题分册,1998;19:158

190 阮狄克,陆瓞骥,周鸿奇,等.椎间盘移植实验—生物力学研究.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1994;4:16

191 阮狄克,沈根标,孙宏慧,等.椎间盘移植实验—组织形态学研究.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1994;4:106

192 阮狄克,沈根标,孙宏慧,等.猿自体椎间盘移植的组织学研究.颈腰痛杂志,1995;16:65

193 阮狄克,沈根林,周 勇,等.同种异体椎间盘移植的实验研究.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:511 194 尚培中,吴 琦.腰椎管狭窄症病理形态学基础及椎管造影表现.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1997;7:39

195 尚培中,吴 琦.腰椎管狭窄症的影像学诊断进展.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1996;6:227

196 邵 宣,许竟斌主编.实用颈腰背痛学.北京:人民军医出版社,1992

197 申 勇,李增炎,石奉文,等.青少年腰椎间盘突出症.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1996;6:194

198 石道原,饶书城.青少年腰椎间盘突出症.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:200

199 石志才,李家顺,贾连顺.脊髓栓系综合征的研究现状.中华外科杂志,1995;33:734

200 石志才,袁 文,王休会,等.成人栓系综合征的诊治.中华外科杂志,1998;36:711

201 史可任.颈腰关节疼痛及注射疗法.北京:人民军医出版社,1998

202 宋 超,黄耀文,杜竟辉,等.血清C-反应蛋白诊断术后感染的临床研究.中华外科杂志,1987;25:414

203 孙广林,孙义青,吴玉琳,等.后天性腰椎峡部不连发生机制的解剖学分析.中国临床解剖学杂志,1994;12:21

204 唐娠科,欧阳甲.腰椎间盘膨隆.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999;9:109

205 唐天驷,钱忠来.腰椎崩裂和滑脱症.中华骨科杂志,1997;17:5

206 陶 甫,秦学敏,郭世绂,等.从腰部脊神经后支的解剖探讨腰腿痛的机制.中华骨科杂志,1982;2:328

207 陶 甫,周 静,秦学敏.腰椎退变型椎管狭窄症.中华骨科杂志,1983;3:19

208 田世杰,王进军,刘德隆,等.经皮椎间盘镜椎间盘摘除术.中华骨科杂志,1997;17:321

209 佟蔚廷,温秉瑈.骶髂筋膜脂肪疝50例报告.中华外科杂志,1981;19:231

210 王 波,刘瑞存,徐 林,等.脊髓栓系综合征的MRI表现及其临床意义.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999;9:201

211 王福权,骆燕禧.腰椎管狭窄症的诊断.中华骨科杂志,1983;3:69

212 王海蛟,曹寇东.腰骶神经根畸形.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999;9:344

213 王葵光,胡有谷.腰椎间盘突出症的自身免疫状态.中华骨科杂志,1994;14:258

214 王全平,李稔生,张毅,等.横突间髓核摘除术治疗椎间孔外腰椎间盘突出症.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:362

215 王全平,陆裕朴,李稔生,等.高位腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗.中华骨科杂志,1992;1 2:48

216 王仁成,郑建森,杨凯,等.螺旋式椎体融合器的研制与应用.中华骨科杂志,1998;18:339

217 王尚崑,崔宽龙,兰斌尚,等.脊髓纵裂和先天性脊柱畸形14例报告.中华外科杂志,1986; 24:744

218 王跃庆,张贵福,尚天裕.青少年腰椎间盘突出症腘绳肌紧张及坐骨神经痛.颈腰痛杂志,1996;17:57

219 翁文杰,陈 亮,朱丽华.极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的诊断与治疗.中华骨科杂志,1997;17:655

220 吴常德,周人厚,马忠泰.腰椎间盘突出症合并马尾神经损伤.中华骨科杂志,1992;12:52

221 吴汝舟.腰骶神经根异常与腰腿痛.中华外科杂志,1989;27:715

222 吴苏稼,林恩及,叶根茂,等.全椎板切除术与腰椎不稳.中华骨科杂志,1995;15:661

223 信士卿,樊德豪,张全冶,等.成人原发性椎间盘化脓感染.中华骨科杂志,1987;7:169

224 胥少汀,葛宝丰,徐印坎主编.实用骨科学.第2版,北京:人民军医出版社.1995

225 徐 林,洪 毅,易 斌,等.脊髓栓系综合征手术疗效分析.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1999;9:304

226 徐德永,杨祖文.骶髂关节炎性病变的影像学诊断.医师进修杂志,1996;19:39-41

227 徐均超,实验性氟骨症X线及病理对照研究。中华放射学杂志,1987;21:245

228 许 立,唐天驷,苏康娅.腰椎间盘突出症髓核的组织学研究及其临床意义.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:418

229 颜昌义.腰椎后关节与后关节综合征(Ⅱ)后关节的生物力学.颈腰痛杂志,1990;11:29

230 颜昌义.腰椎后关节与后关节综合征(Ⅲ).颈腰痛杂志,1990;11:30

231 杨克勤主编.脊柱疾患的临床与研究.北京:北京出版社,1993:243-245;409—420

232 杨维权,贾连顺.腰椎椎弓峡部损伤的研究进展.颈腰痛杂志,1994;15:244

233 尹 东,韦绍仁.内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2001;11:370

234 于晓化,邵宣.椎间盘移植实验研究进展.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1996;6:231

235 袁 越,张 黎,左焕琮.经皮激光腰椎间盘减压术.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2002;12:230

236 袁中兴,谷文藻.电算X线体层(CT)扫描诊断腰椎间盘突出症的临床意义.中华骨科杂志,1988;8:250

237 曾庆馀,许杰洲,刘 源.血清阴性脊柱关节病与致密性骨炎的鉴别.中华风湿病学杂志,1999;3:159

238 张秉文,俞永林,顾玉东.肩胛上神经卡压的诊断和治疗.国外医学骨科学分册,2002;23:50

239 张伯勋,卢世璧,常义海,等.俯卧式电动伸缩牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症.解放军医学杂志,1983;8:304

240 张伯勋,卢世璧,朱盛修,等.骶部硬膜外囊肿.中华骨科杂志,1983;3:272

241 张伯勋,朱盛修,卢世璧,等.腰椎椎管侧隐窝综合征.中华外科杂志1986;24:139

242 张伯勋.人工髋关节置换术后并发症.解放军医学杂志,1991;16:395

243 张国庆.极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症.中国脊柱脊髓杂志,1998;8:44

244 张红旭,胥少汀.经皮激光椎间盘髓核切除术.国外医学创伤与外科基本问题分册,1993;14:86

245 赵定麟.下腰痛.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1990

246 赵 荣,王光德,邵傅贡.腰骶筋膜裂孔脂肪疝致下腰痛手术治疗的探讨.颈腰痛杂志,1992; 13:178

247 郑丰裕.慢性下腰痛患者立位X线侧位片测量及其相关分析.中华骨科杂志,1996;16:434 248 周秉文主编.腰背痛.北京:人民卫生出版社,1989:13—15

249 周秉文,胡有谷,孙进修.高位腰椎间盘突出症.中华骨科杂志,1986;6:438

250 周秉文,徐德永,徐爱德.从形态及力学观察探讨腰椎峡部断裂的病因.中华外科杂志,1982;20:180

251 周秉文.腰椎小关节综合征(症).颈腰痛杂志,1990;11:25

252 张伯勋,卢世璧,朱盛修,等.腰椎间盘突出症术后疗效欠佳的原因分析.中华骨科杂志,1981;1:83

253 张伯勋,朱盛修,卢世璧.关于腰椎间盘突出症的临床类型及其特点的讨论.解放军医学杂志,1983;8:129

254 朱同银,周士枋,沈家维,等.腰椎间盘分子量级的超微结构形态学研究.中华外科杂志,1996;34:754

255 邹德威,海 涌,马华松,等.重度腰椎滑脱的治疗.中华骨科杂志,1998;18:259