参考文献

[1]黄从新，张澍，马长生等.心房颤动：目前的认识和治疗建议.中华心律失常学杂志，2010，14：328-369.

[2]Camm AJ,Kirchhof P,Lip GY,et al.Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation.Task force for the management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC).Eur Heart J,2010,31:2369-2429.

[3]Fuster V,Ryden LE,Cannom DS,et al.2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused updates incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines of the management of patients with artrial fibrillation:a report of the American College of Cardioolgy Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines.Circulation,2011,123:e269-e367.

[4]Lin LY,Lee CH,Yu CC,et al.Risk factors and incidence of ischemic stroke in Taiwanese with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation—a nation wide database analysis.Atherosclerosis,2011,217:292-295.

[5]Roldan V,Marin F,Muina B,et al.Plasma von Willebrand factor levels are an independent risk factor for adverse events including mortality and major bleeding in anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients.J Am Coll Cardiol,2011,57:2496-2504.

[6]Hijazi Z,Oldgren J,Andersson U,et al.Cardiac biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation:a randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulation therapy(RE-LY)substudy.Circulation,2012,125:1605-1616.(https://www.daowen.com)

[7]ConnollySJ,Eikelboom J,Joyner C,et al.AVERRORS Steering Committee and Investigators:Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation.N Engl J Med,2011,364:806-817.

[8]Velu S,Lip GYH.Recent progress in antithrombotic therapy for atrial fibrillation.Atheroscler Thromb,2011,18:257-273.

[9]Calkins H,Kuck KH,Cappato R,et al.2012 HRS/EHRA/ECAS expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation:recommendations for patient selection,procedural techniques,patient management and follow-up,definitions,endpoints,and research trial design.J Interv Card Electrophysiol,2012,33,171-257.

[10]Themistoclakis S,Corrado A,Marchlinski FE,et al.The risk of thromboembolism and need for oral anticoagulation after successful atrial fibrillation ablation.J Am Coll Cardiol,2010,15:735-743.

[11]Savelieva I,Kakours N,Kakours A,et al.Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation:review of clinical evidence and implications for European society of cardiology guidelines.Part I:primary prevention.Europace,2011,13:308-328.

[12]Savelieva I,Kakouros N,Kakouros A,et al.Upstream therapies for management of atrial fibrillation:review of clinical evidence and implications for European societ of cardiology guidelines.PartⅡ:secondary prevention.Europace,2011,13:610-625.