(九)经验性治疗
详情请参阅Expert Consult网站。
要点:诊断和治疗
•Klinefelter综合征为47,XXY,是引起男性不育的最常见遗传性疾病。不能仅依据身体形态学特征来排除Klinefelter综合征。
•CBAVD患者的临床评估包括对其自身及伴侣进行CFTR检测,以评估后代发生囊性纤维化的风险。
•严重的低促性腺激素性性腺功能减退可能与嗅觉缺失症有关,可使用促性腺激素治疗。轻症类型比较常见,可使用抗雌激素药物或芳香化酶抑制剂治疗。
参考文献
完整的参考文献列表通过www.expertconsult.com在线获取。
推荐阅读
Anguiano A,Oates RD,Amos JA,et al.Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens.A primarily genital form of cystic fibrosis.JAMA 1992;267:1794-7.
Dubin L,Amelar RD.Varicocelectomy as therapy in male infertility:a study of 504cases.Fertil Steril 1975;26:217-20.
Jarow JP,Sigman M,Kolettis PN,et al.The evaluation of the azoospermic male:AUA best practice statement.Linthicum(MD):American Urological Association Education and Research;2011.
Lipshultz LI,Howards SS,Niederberger CS.Infertility in the male.4th ed.New York:Cambridge University Press;2009.
Mac Leod J.Semen quality in 1000men of known fertility and in 800cases of infertile marriage.Fertil Steril 1951;2:115-39.
Meacham RB,Joyce GF,Wise M,et al.Male infertility.J Urol 2007;177:2058-66.
Niederberger CS.An introduction to male reproductive medicine.New York:Cambridge University Press;2011.
Niederberger CS.Current management of male infertility.Urol Clin North Am 2014;41(1).
Sigman M.A meta-analysis of meta-analyses.Fertil Steril 2011;96:11-4.
Sigman M,Kolettis PN,McClure RD,et al.The optimal evaluation of the infertile male:AUA best practice statement.Linthicum(MD):American Urological Association Education and Research;2011.
Tilford CA,Kuroda-Kawaguchi T,Skaletsky H,et al.A physical map of the human Y chromosome.Nature 2001;409:943-5.
Vermeulen A,Verdonck L,Kaufman JM.A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3666-72.
World Health Organization (WHO).World Health Organization laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen.Geneva:World Health Organization;2010.
(王 瑞 吕坤龙 编译 李 朋 潘 峰李 铮 审校)